Fluid Therapy and Body Fluid Basics

This flashcard helps to define osmolarity as mentioned in the lecture notes regarding body fluids and fluid therapy.

primary organ involved in fluid balance

kidneys

hormones involved in fluid balance

ADH and aldosterone

two types of body fluid

intravascular, interstitial

eslectrolyte cations

intracellular - K+

extracellular - Na+

electrolyte anions

intracellular PO4-

extracellular - Cl-, HCO3-

what is the primary protein found in plasma

albumin

osmotic pressure

2 solutions of different concentrations separated by SPM

oncotic pressure

similar to osmotic pressure but with large molecules - albumin

osmolarity

number of dissolved particles, regardless of their size/kg

what is the largest contributor to osmolarity

H2O

purpose of fluid therapy

replace H2o, Na+, K+, and Cl- adn restore H= and HCO3- balance in sick animals

advantages and disadvantages of PO fluid therapy

a - safest route, easy

d - slow, aspiration possible, not appropriate if vomiting

advantages and disadvantages of SQ fluid therapy

a - relatively easy, absorption over time

d - slower absorption, must use isotonic fluids

advantages and disadvantages of IV fluid therapy

a - precise amount given is available rapidly, various tonicities of fluid can be used

d - possible fluid overload, requires close monitoring, must be sterile, asepsis can catheter care

isotonic crystalloids

replacement fluids

0,9% saline

lactated ringers solution

normosol

hypotonic crystalloids

have a lower osmotic pressure

5% dextrose in water

0,45% NaCl

used for patients with free water defecit or for a patient with CHF or hepatic failure

hypertonic crystalloids

have higher osmotic pressure

draw fluid from interstitial space into the intravascular space

3% NaCl

7% NaCl

0.9% NaCl with 5% dextrose

natural colloids

blood products

whole blood, FFP, FP, albumin

synthetic colloids

hydroxyethyl starches

dextran

50% dextrose

additive

used to correct hypoglycemia

usually added to create a 2.5% or 5% solution

potassium

additive

supplemented to anorexic patients and/or patients with significant fluid losses from diuresis or diarrhea

rate should not exceed 0.5 mEq/kg/hr

sodium bicarbinate

additive

added to fluids to correct metabolic acidosis

adverse effects of sodium bicarbinate

alkalosis, other electrolyte abnormalities

incompatible with many solution

calcium

additive

given to patients with hypocalcemia due to diseases such as milk fever, eclampsia, and endocrine disorders

adverse effects of calcium

hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest