DSM5

DURATION IS IMPORTANT

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

-the presence of excessive anxiety and worry about a variety of topics, events, or activities.
-worry occurs more often than not for AT LEAST 6 MONTHS and is clearly excessive
-the worry is experiences as very challenging to control
-the worry in both adults and children may easily shift from one topic to another
*the anxiety and worry are accompanied with at least 3 of the following physical or cognitive symptoms (only 1 in children)
-edginess or restlessness
-tiring easily; more fatigued than usual
-impaired concentration or feeling as though the mind goes blank
-irritability (which may or may not be observable to others)
-increased muscle aches or soreness
-difficulty sleeping (due to trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, restlessness at night, or unsatisfied sleep)

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

-depressive disorder
-frequent outbursts over AT LEAST 1 YEAR
-Outbursts occurring 3 OR MORE TIMES WEEKLY
-diagnosed BETWEEN 6 AND 18 years old
-chronic irritability and anger

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD or clinical depression)

-5 OR MORE of the following symptoms for AT LEAST 2 weeks.
-one of the symptoms MUST include depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
1. depressed most of the day, nearly every day
2. markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities
3. significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain
4. insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
5. psychomotor agitation (the body isn't moving fast)
6. fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
8. diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
9. recurrent thoughts of death

Persistent Depressive Disorder

-depressed mood for MOST OF THE DAY, FOR MORE DAYS THAN NOT, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for AT LEAST 2 YEARS
*in children and adolescents, mood can be irritable and duration must be AT LEAST 1 YEAR
-2 OR MORE of the following MUST be present:
1. poor appetite or overeating
2. insomnia or hypersomnia
3. low energy or fatigue
4. low self esteem
5. poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
6. feelings of hopelessness

Brief Psychotic Disorder

-characterized by the presence of 1 OR MORE of the following symptoms:
1. delusions (someone's ideas, beliefs or concepts not based in reality; ex. someone thinks they're the president of the USA)
2. hallucinations (experienced though the senses; hear, taste, smell, see things that are not based in reality)
3. disorganized speech (ex. frequent derailment or incoherence)
4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (someone not being within their body)
-duration of an episode of brief psychosis is AT LEAST ONE DAY but LESS THAN ONE MONTH, with eventual full return to previous level of functioning

Schizophreniform Disorder

-characterized by the presence of 2 OR MORE of the following symptoms:
1. delusions (someone's ideas, beliefs or concepts not based in reality; ex. someone thinks they're the president of the USA)
2. hallucinations (experienced though the senses; hear, taste, smell, see things that are not based in reality)
3. disorganized speech (ex. frequent derailment or incoherence)
4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (someone not being within their body)
-duration of symptoms is BETWEEN 1 MONTH AND 6 MONTHS

Schizophrenia

-characterized by the presence of 2 OR MORE of the following symptoms:
1. delusions (someone's ideas, beliefs or concepts not based in reality; ex. someone thinks they're the president of the USA)
2. hallucinations (experienced though the senses; hear, taste, smell, see things that are not based in reality)
3. disorganized speech (ex. frequent derailment or incoherence)
4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviors (someone not being within their body)
*MUST have a significant impact on one's personal or professional functioning
-duration of symptoms is AT LEAST 6 MONTHS

Bipolar 1

-mood disorder
-ONE major depressive episode and ONE period of mania
-you MUST have had AT LEAST ONE manic episode to be diagnosed
-to be considered mania, the elevated, expansive or irritable mood MUST last for AT LEAST ONE WEEK and by present MOST OF THE DAY, NEARLY EVERY DAY
-manic episodes are usually characterized by the following:
1. exceptional energy (ex. doing whole projects in a few days)
2. restlessness
3. trouble concentrating
4. feelings of euphoria (extreme happiness)
5. risky behaviors (ex. substances, gambling, sexual behaviors)
6. poor sleep
7. hospitalization
-mania is much more extreme than a sudden burst in energy or motivation or a happy mood; it often results in problems in work, school, and relationships, and in some cases it may require hospitalization
*there are often times of stability

Bipolar 2

-conditions for a hypomanic condition are met and conditions for a major depressive disorder
-hypomania: is a less severe version of mania.
(ex. studying a lot for finals but is still able to take the finals)
-needs to last AT LEAST 4 DAYS.
-it DOES NOT involve psychosis
-someone with hypomania symptoms may be able to continue everyday life
-a hypomania phase is still an event in which your behavior differs from your normal state
-the differences will be extreme enough that people around you may notice something is wrong

Intellectual Disability

-impairments of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in 3 domains or areas
1. conceptual domain: skills in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge and memory
2. social domain: empathy, social judgement, interpersonal communication skills, the ability to make and retain friendships, and similar capacities
3. practical domain: centers on self management in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation and organizing school and work tasks

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

-characterized by persistent problems in social interaction and communication
-symptoms may include:
1. social communication deficits (including lack of eye contact, difficulty taking turns, not sharing interests, lack of interest of ability to follow the lead of peers, can't pick up on social ques)
2. fixated interests and repetitive behaviors (lining up toys, counting toys, touching things, flapping arms, rocking back and forth, a lot of knowledge on a particular topic)
3. symptoms existing in early childhood
4. impairment in functioning
5. impairments are not better explained by an intellectual disability

What is a personality disorder?

-A type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving.
-Have trouble relating to situations and people
-causes significant problems in relationships and social activities

How to diagnose personality disorders

-typically diagnosed in people 18 years or older
-LONG term patterns of symptoms need to be present; this is because personality is something that doesn't change over time

Cluster A: Odd and eccentric

-paranoid
-schizoid
-schizotypal

Cluster B: Dramatic and erratic

-antisocial
-narcissistic
-borderline
-histrionic

Cluster C: Anxious and fearful

-avoidant
-dependent
-obsessive compulsive

Paranoid personality disorder (cluster A)

-distrust and suspicion of other and their motives
-belief that others are out to harm you
reluctant to tell others information as they may use it against you
-assuming worst intent, feeling that things others say are negative or harmful
-tendency to hold grudges
-unjustified, recurrent suspicion that spouse or sexual partner is unfaithful
(ex) Hitler

Schizotypal personality disorder (Cluster A)

-peculiar dress, thinking and beliefs
-flat emotions or inappropriate emotional responses
-lack of close interpersonal relationships - anxious in social settings
-paranormal or superstitious beliefs
-"magical thinking" - believing your thoughts cause certain events to occur
-belief that certain casual incidents or events have hidden messages meant only for you
(ex) Willy Wonka

Schizoid personality disorder (cluster A)

-lack of interest in social or personal relationships, preferring to be alone
-limited range of emotional expression
-inability to take pleasure in most activities
-inability to pick up normal social cues
-appearance of being cold or indifferent to others
-little or no sexual desires
(ex) squidward from spongebob

Antisocial personality disorder (cluster B)

-persistent lying, stealing, and conning of others
-problems with the law
-repeated violation of the rights of others
-aggressive, often violent behavior
-lack of remorse for behavior
-using charm to exploit and harm others
*conduct disorder is usually a precursor to this disorder
(ex) the joker from batman

Narcissistic personality disorder (cluster B)

-have a sense of entitlement and require constant, excessive admiration
-feel they are superior to others
-self inflation - focusing on accomplishments and success
-exaggerate achievements and talents
-obsessed with success and status
-desire the need to be recognized
-need for constant praise and inflation of self
-cannot see the point of view or read the feelings of others

Borderline personality disorder (cluster B)

-impulsive and risky behavior, such as unsafe sex, gambling and binge eating
-unstable or fragile self-image
-UNSTABLE and INTENSE relationships
-up and down moods
-suicidal behavior or threats of self-injury
-intense fear of being along or abandoned
-ongoing feelings of emptiness
-intense anger and stress

Histrionic Personality disorder (cluster B)

-constantly seeking attention
-excessively emotional, dramatic or sexually provocative to gain attention
-speaks dramatically with strong opinions, but few facts or details to back them up
-easily influenced by others
-shallow, rapidly changing emotions
-excessive concern with physical appearance
-thinks relationships with others are closer than they really are

Avoidant personality disorder (cluster C)

-too sensitive to criticism or rejection
-feeling inadequate, inferior or unattractive
-avoidance of work activities that require interpersonal contact
-socially inhibited, timid and isolated, avoiding new activities or meeting strangers
-extreme shyness in social situations and personal relationships
-fear of disapproval, embarrassment or ridicule
-want to have relationships with others but too anxious about engaging
(ex) Charlie Brown or Michael Jackson

Dependent personality disorder (cluster C)

-dependency on others and feeling the need to be taken care of
-clingy behavior toward others
-lack of self-confidence
-need for reassurance from others to make even small decisions
-difficulty disagreeing with others, fearing disapproval
-tolerance of poor or abusive treatment, even when other options are available
-urgent need to start a new relationship when a close one has ended

Obsessive compulsive disorder (cluster C)

-obsession with orderliness and rules
-extreme perfectionism, resulting in dysfunction and distress when perfection is not achieved - not following through on projects if it's not perfect
-desire to be in control of people, tasks and situations, and inability to delegate tasks
-neglect of friends and enjoyable activities due to obsession with work and projects
-rigid and stubborn
-inflexible about morality, ethics or values
-tight, miserly control over budgeting and spending money
(ex) Steve Jobs