The Arctic in a Changing Climate

A set of vocabulary flashcards related to the lecture on 'The Arctic in a Changing Climate', covering key terms and concepts.

Arctic Definition

The Arctic is defined by vegetation, climate, and geography, characterized by no trees, a July temperature below 10°C, and a latitude greater than 66.3° N.

Permafrost

Ground that is consistently below 0°C for at least two consecutive years, covering approximately 50% of Canada.

Arctic Amplification

The phenomenon where warming in the Arctic is significantly larger than the global average, observed at 0.8°C per decade since 1970.

Tundra

A biome comprising approximately 90% of the Arctic's land area, characterized by low temperatures and a short growing season.

Feedback Mechanism

Processes that can amplify or dampen climate change effects, such as positive feedback from decreased ice albedo leading to more warming.

Shrubification

The increasing abundance of shrubs in the Arctic due to climate change, affecting carbon sequestration and energy exchanges.

Methane (CH4)

A potent greenhouse gas that is 25 times more effective than CO2 over a 100-year period, influenced by temperature and soil saturation.

AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation)

A system of ocean currents including the Gulf Stream, whose functioning may be impacted by melting Arctic sea ice and reduced salinity.

Sea Ice Extent

The area of ocean where sea ice is present, which has been steadily decreasing, showing a decline of approximately 50% from 1980's levels.

Carbon Cycle

The process in which carbon atoms are transferred between the Earth's biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, significantly affected by permafrost thaw.