ch1 Homeostasis

important terms from the book

physiology

the study of how living organisms function

pathophysiology

physiology “gone wrong“

cell differentiation

process of transforming an unspecialized cell into a specialized cell

muscle, neurons, epithelial, connective

4 major categories of cells

nerve

neuron extensions packaged with connective tissue

cuboidal

cube shaped epithelial cells

columnar

tall or elongated epithelial cells

squamous

flattened epithelial cells

epithelium

epithelial tissue that can form from any shape of epithelial cell

basement layer

extracellular protein layer where epithelial cells sit

extracellular matrix

ECM

collagen fibers

rope-like insoluble proteins in the ECM

elastin fibers

rubber-band-like insoluble proteins in the ECM

organ

composed of 2 or more of the 4 tissue types

functional unit

small, similar subunits of an organ

nephron

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

organ system

collection of organs that preform an overall function

endocrine

organ system of the body involving all glands or organs secreting hormones

integumentary

organ system of the body made up of skin

lymphatic

organ system of the body made up of lymph vessels and lymph nodes. Responsible for the collection of extracellular fluids and return to blood; participation in immune defense; absorption of fats from digestive system