Interphase
the Initial phase, In between division. Not just sitting there! (when a cell is doing its job), loose in chromatin form, DNA rep + protein synthesis happens here
Interphase - Gap 1
cells grow to a mature size, right after division completes -- are we big enough?
Interphase - S phase
cells replicate their DNA, synthesis, so when a cell divides the new cell gets a copy of everything
Interphase - Gap 2 Phase
Cells prepare for division, where proteins are made for mitosis - are the chromosomes replicated correctly?
Interphase - Gap 0 Phase
If a cell is not expecting to divide soon or ever, it does not prepare for division and does not copy DNA. Just does its job, no need for Gap 2.
Prophase
PREPARES to divide
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Spindle begins to form
Outer membrane of nucleus break (nuclear envelope)
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in MIDDLE of the cell
Middle = metaphase plate, like the equator
Anaphase
Chromosomes are pulled APART
Specifically chromatids (now single chromosomes), spindle fibers pulled into centrosomes
Telophase
Original cell begins to divide with TWO new cells
Chromosomes unwind into chromatin
Spindle breaks down
Nuclear envelope reforms
Cytokinesis
Divides the cytoplasm and rest of stuff other than DNA
Pulls like a rope and cuts in two, cells divide at the cleavage furrow
Plants are not as squishy so it doesn’t divide as easily, builds a cell plate big wall