WHAP Unit 1 Study Guide: Post Classical

Taken straight from Mr. Cruz's AP Unit 1 Study Guide Answers

Abbasid Dynasty (as compared to Umayyad)

Third Caliphate

Conquered by the Mongols

Capital: Baghdad

Golden Age of Islam (science, technology, etc.)

Umayyad Dynasty (as compared to Abbasid)

Second Caliphate

Militaristic Empire

Expanded into Spain and India

Capital: Damascus

Conquered by the Abbasid Dynasty

Non-muslims had to pay taxes

Song Dynasty

Capital: Hangzhou

Known for banking and civil service exams

Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism

Equal Field System

a program under the Tang Dynasty that governed the distribution of land to people

Division of Islam (Sunni v. Shia)

argument over who should lead after the death of Muhammad

both follow Muhammad’s teachings

both follow the 5 pillars of Islam

Sunni Muslims

believed that the leader after Muhammad’s death should be determined by election

Shia Muslims

believed that the leader after Muhammad’s death should be a descendant of Muhammad

Hinduism and Buddhism

influenced the design of Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat temples

land possession=religion, culture, and influence

Weakening of the Han Empire

Internal conflict, lust for power

Stretched from parts of Korea and Vietnam

Weakening of the Roman Empire

Internal conflict, disease

Became too large and could not defend territory properly

Questionable leadership

Weakening of the Abbasid Dynasty

Unable to defend themselves

Defeated by the Mongols

Inherited large land mass after conquering the Umayyad

Neo-Confucianism

Combines Confucianism and Buddhism

Confucianism: Good Character; Respect=Filial Piety

Buddhism: One with your soul and nature

Cultural Diffusion between Muslims and Indians

created astronomy and numbers

Importance of Delhi Sultans

controlled parts of India (Islam+India=cultural diffusion)

did not control Northern India because of major defeats and cultural conflicts (Arab and Non-Arab Muslims/Hindu/Turkic power)

Political Structure of Post-Classical India

Kingdoms (differences between North and South India, not united)

Merchants, skilled workers, scholars - held in high regard

No centralized leadership - unlike other civilizations

Mongols (as compared to Western Civilizations)

Not known as innovators

Nomadic (until Genghis Khan)

Took the best of the best from their conquered (scholars, artisans, etc.)

Fair hierarchy - Women could divorce and had a voice

Western Civilizations (as compared to the Mongols)

Wrote literature, created architecture, art, sciences

Kingdoms, Sultanates, Empires

Women were not equal, limited political and social opportunities

Mongol Trade Routes

flourished in Asia

Silk Road

Pax Mongolia - Mongols ensured peace on trading routes

Mongols prevent robberies (ensure safe trading practices)

Yuan Leaders (as compared to Traditional Chinese rulers)

Kublai Khan (leader)

Kept some of the traditions of Genghis Khan - merchants, scholars, artisans, etc. were valued

These individuals kept the dynasty flourishing

Traditional Chinese Rulers (as compared to Yuan leaders)

Women were not treated equally - foot binding

Merchants were at the bottom of hierarchy

What caused the population shift from 800-1200 CE in China?

Rice cultivation (champa rice)

In order to establish an empire or strong civilization, you must provide adequate amounts of food or your emperor/civilization dies out or gets conquered

South Asia (India) Leadership in 600 C.E.

No centralized government - instead different individual governments

Hindu, Islam, Buddhist - less restrictions on religion

East Asia (China and Japan) Leadership in 600 C.E.

Centralized government (Emperor)

Restricted freedom for the people

Strict Hierarchy

Song Dynasty after 1200 CE

Military couldn’t withstand invaders (Mongols)

Became more of an intellectual dynasty - Confucius principles

Postclassical Financial Tools

Paper Money

Sakks - early type of financial check/coin money

Credit (e.g. give me some of your cow’s milk now, I will give you sack of rice next week)

Chinese Women (as compared to Sub-Saharan African Women)

Must practice foot binding - indicates social status, attractiveness

Patriarchal society

Sub-Saharan African Women (as compared to Chinese Women)

Field workers

Contained some matriarchal principles

Vikings

Origin: Modern-day Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Originally believed in pagan religions

Purpose: Initially, conquer and establish territories, and later converted to Christianity because of European influence

Effected Europe by ravaging and destroying lands

Crusades

Why: The fight for the holy city of Jerusalem

Who: Muslims vs. Christians

What part of world: Holy Roman Empire to Jerusalem

Outcome: Christianity had a stronghold on Europe and cultural diffusion between Islamic and Christian states

Foot Binding

What: Formation of the feet to resemble a lotus flower

Why Attraction for men, exhibits social status

Effect: Increased the control of males in Chinese society