Module 4: eukaryotic cells

endosymbiotic theory

endosymbiotic theory

eukaryotic cells evolved when larger prokaryotic cells engulfed smaller ones

multicellular eukaryotes

individual cells lost ability to survive independently

flagella

long, sheathed, cylinder containing microtubules

cilia

hairline projections that function in motility, feeding, and filtering

glycolax

functions with adherence, protection, and signal reception

cell membrane

the sterols confer stability

nucleolus

dark area for rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

rough ER

packs and transports; first step in secretory pathway

smooth ER

nutrient processing, synthesis, and storage of lipids

Golgi apparatus

modifies, stores, and packs proteins; "UPS of the cell"

lysosomes

digestion of food particles and protects from invading microbes

vacuoles

sacs for particles to be digested

phagosomes

vacuoles merged with a lysosome

ribosomes

rRNA and proteins; function in protein synthesis

cytoskeleton

microfilament and microtubules

2 types of fungi

hyphae and yeast

hyphae

long filaments of fungi/mold

yeast

round ovoid shape that grows swellings on its surface called buds

fungal nutrition

all fungi are heterotrophic

mycoses

fungal infections

algae

photosynthetic organisms

protozoa

most have a locomotor structure (flagella, cilia, or pseudopods

trophozoite

motility feeding stage

pathogenic flagellates

Trypanosomes

an infective amoeba:

entamoeba

entamoeba histolytica

amebic dysentery

guardia lamblia

obtained through contaminated water (fecal oral)

parasitic helminths

organs for reproduction, digestion, movement, and protection

flatworms

in digestive tract; simple excretory and nervous system

roundworms

excretory and nervous system