Ions & Ionic Bonds

Ion

An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.

Ionic Bond

An ionic bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Metals Forming Ions

Metals form ions by losing electrons from their outer shell.

Non-metals Forming Ions

Non-metals form ions by gaining electrons, except hydrogen which loses an electron.

Cation

A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom (or groups of atoms) loses one or more electrons.

Anion

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom (or group of atoms) gains one or more electrons.

Ionic Bond Electron Transfer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.

Group 1 Atoms

Group 1 atoms lose 1 electron.

Group 2 Atoms

Group 2 atoms lose 2 electrons.

Group 3 Atoms

Group 3 atoms lose 3 electrons.

Group 6 Atoms

Group 6 atoms gain 2 electrons.

Group 7 Atoms

Group 7 atoms gain 1 electron.

Sodium Ion Charge

Sodium will form ions with a 1+ charge.

Chlorine Ion Charge

Chlorine will form ions with a 1- charge.

Magnesium Ion Electronic Configuration

The electronic configuration of a magnesium ion is 2.8.

Oxide Ion Electronic Configuration

The electronic configuration of an oxide ion is 2.8.

Binary Ionic Compound

A binary ionic compound is composed of ions of two different elements, and consists of a metal cation and a non-metal anion.

Ionic Bond Energy Requirement

Ionic bonds require a lot of energy to overcome.

Sodium Iodide

The binary ionic compound formed from sodium and iodine is sodium iodide.

Overall Charge of Ionic Compound

The overall charge of an ionic compound is 0; they are electrically neutral.

Polyatomic Ion

A polyatomic ion is an ion made up of more than one type of atom.

Sulfate Ion Charge

The charge of the sulfate ion is 2-.

Charge of sulfate ion

The charge of the sulfate ion is 2-.

Hydrogencarbonate ion formula

The formula of the hydrogencarbonate ion is HCO3-.

Phosphate ion formula

The formula of the phosphate ion is (PO4)3-.

Magnesium phosphate formula

The formula of magnesium phosphate is Mg3(PO4)2.

Ammonium sulfate formula

The formula of ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4.

Nitrate ion formula

Nitrate ions have the formula NO3-.

Hydroxide ion name

The name of the OH- ion is the hydroxide ion.

Ionic lattice definition

An ionic lattice is an evenly distributed crystalline structure where ions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so that positive charges cancel out negative charges.

Forces in ionic lattice

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions hold together an ionic lattice.

Lattice dissociation enthalpy (ΔHlattꝋ)

Lattice dissociation enthalpy (ΔHlattꝋ) is the standard enthalpy change that occurs on the formation of 1 mole of gaseous ions from the solid lattice.

Lattice dissociation enthalpy process

The lattice dissociation enthalpy is always an endothermic process as energy is always required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

Lattice dissociation enthalpy value

The lattice dissociation enthalpy is always a positive value because it is always an endothermic process.

High melting and boiling points of ionic compounds

Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions in the lattice needing high amounts of energy to overcome.

Volatility definition

Volatility refers to the ability of a chemical to vapourise.

Volatility of ionic compounds

Ionic compounds are not volatile as large amounts of energy are required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions.

Melting point comparison

Magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride because the charge density of the ions is greater.

Solubility of ionic compounds

Ionic compounds are soluble in water as they can form ion-dipole bonds.

Conductivity of ionic compounds

Ionic compounds can only conduct when they are molten or in solution as the ions can move and carry a charge.

What is an ionic bond?

An ionic bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

How do metals form ions?

Metals form ions by losing electrons from their outer shell.

What defines a cation?

A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom (or groups of atoms) loses one or more electrons.

What defines an anion?

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom (or groups of atoms) gains one or more electrons.

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?

The overall charge of an ionic compound is 0; they are electrically neutral