Comprehensive Chemistry Study Guide: Bonds, Ions, and Molecular Structures

Ionic Bond

Between two ions (metal & nonmetal where electrons are donated from one to the other).

Covalent Bond

Between two nonmetals where electrons are shared between them.

Lithium Oxide

Li₂O

Boron Oxide

B2O3

Sodium Phosphide

NaP

Copper (IV) Phosphide

Cu3P2

Iron (III) Nitride

FeN

Copper (II) Chloride

CuCl2

Boron Iodide

BI3

Beryllium Bromide

BeBr₂

Lithium Nitride

Li₃N

Iron (III) Phosphide

FeP

Ammonium Ion

NH4+

Acetate Ion

CH3COO¯

Nitrate Ion

NO3-

Chlorate Ion

ClO3-

Hydroxide Ion

OH-

Carbonate Ion

CO3²-

Sulfate Ion

SO4²-

Phosphate Ion

PO4³-

Iron (II) Sulfate

FeSO4

Iron (III) Sulfate

Fe2(SO4)3

Cadmium (II) Acetate

Cd(C2H3O2)2

Ammonium Phosphate

(NH4)3PO4

Potassium Hydroxide

KOH

Lead (II) Nitrate

Pb(NO3)4

Carbon Tetrafluoride

CF4

Selenium Dichloride

SeCl₂

Sulfur Trioxide

SO3

Phosphorus Pentachloride

PCl5

Sulfur Dioxide

SO₂

Dinitrogen Pentoxide

N₂O5

Diatomic Molecules

H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

Nitric Acid

HNO3

Phosphoric Acid

H₃PO₄

Sulfuric Acid

H₂SO₄

Crystal Lattice

Repeating pattern of ionic compounds.

Characteristics of Ionic Compounds

High melting points & high boiling points, hard, rigid, brittle solids, conduct electricity when melted or dissolved, not when solid.

Conductivity of Ionic Compounds

Yes, when they are dissolved in water or molten, not when solid.

Subscripts in a Formula

Tell us the ratio of elements; look at the charges for ionic compounds.

Metallic Bonds

Electrons are delocalized and exist in an electron sea around the metal.

Properties of Metals

High melting points & high boiling points, have lattice structure in solid state, great conductors, malleable, ductile, & durable.

Alloy

A mixture of elements that has metallic properties.

Substitutional Alloy

Some atoms in a metal are replaced by other metals.

Interstitial Alloy

The small holes in a metallic crystal are filled with smaller atoms.

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded covalently.

Binary Compound

Compound containing two elements.

Crystal Lattice Structure

Repeating 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles.

Lattice Energy

Energy required to separate ions in a lattice.

Chemical Bond

The force that holds two atoms together.