a & p 1 final

regions of arm

brachial, antebrachial, carpals

anatomy

study of body structures

physiology

study of body functions

simplest level of organization

chemical

most complex level of organization

organ

first living thing within levels of organization

cells

anatomical position

standing upright, facing forward, hands at side facing outward

9 abdominal regions

epigastric: right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac
umbilical: right lumbar, left lumbar
hypogastric: right iliac, left iliac

what are proteins made of

20 amino acids

there are how many essential amino acids

9

what are carbohydrates made of

sugar

what is the pH of blood

7.35 to 7.45

3 types of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated

where do i find skeletal muscle

through the body attached to bones via tendons

where do i find cardiac muscle

in the heart, has intercalated discs

where do i find smooth muscle

within hollow organs

what pigment causes tans

melanin

what pigment is orange

carotene

bones of the foot

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

what bone has sella turcica

sphenoid bone

what is the function of the epiphyseal plate

bone growth during adolescence

osteoblasts

bone-building cells that create new bone tissue

osteoclasts

bone-resorbing cells that break down old or damaged bone

what muscles abduct the arm

deltoid

what muscle closes the mouth

masseter

sarcomere

contractile unit of a muscle fiber

sarcolemma

cell membrane of a muscle fiber

part of female reproductive system that is similar to male prepuce

clitoris

layers lining the uterus

perimetrium: covers posterior surface
endometrium: inner lining to support growing fetus
myometrium: thickest portion, provides force to move fetus outward

which organ makes gametes

reproductive organs called gonads, testes (male), ovaries (female)

what kind of joints are between cranial bones

fibrous joints known as sutures

layers of the skin

epithelial, dermis, subcutaneous

where is sperm produced

seminiferous tubules within testes

where is sperm stored and matured

epididymis back of testes

epithelial skin with 1 layer of cells

simple squamous

epithelial skin with more than one layer of cells

stratified squamous

what kind of muscle has intercalated disc

cardiac muscle

atrophy vs hypertrophy

atrophy is decrease/ breakdown in muscle size due to lack of usage
hypertrophy is muscle growth

homeostasis

keeping the body in equilibrium

what is metabolism

chemical reactions (catabolic and anabolic)

catabolic reaction

take apart

anabolic reaction

put together

3 types of ribs

true, false, floating

what is the fluid inside of a cell

cytosol

what is the liquid outside of a cell

extracellular fluid

internal parts of female genitalia

vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

external parts of female genitalia

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and associated glands

3 parts of the sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

pH levels

acidic: 0-7
neutral: 7
basic: 7-14

most moveable joints in the body

synovial joints

where does the antidiuretic hormone come from

posterior pituitary

what is the target of the antidiuretic hormone

the kidneys

where does the growth hormone (GH) come from

anterior pituitary gland

what is the master gland of the body

pituitary gland

what element is needed to make thyroid hormone

iodine

where does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) come from

anterior pituitary gland

where does oxytocin (OXT) come from

posterior pituitary

what is the stalk between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

infundibulum

purpose of antidiuretic hormone

make less urine

types of chemical bonds

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

covalent bonds

electrons are equally shared

ionic bonds

attraction between oppositely charged ions, give and take

purpose of mitochondria

produce ATP (energy)

order of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)

functions of skin

insulation, protection, vitamin d absorption

axial skeleton

80 bones
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

appendicular skeleton

126 bones
pectoral girdle, upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle

parts of a fallopian tube (oviduct)

isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae

what happens to RBC if they’re in a hypertonic solution

shrinkage