Chem 120 Exams

whoop

unsaturated solution

solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve

saturated solution

solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temp

supersaturated solution

solution that contains more dissolved solute than it present in a saturated solution

solution formation

solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
to form a liquid solution, the solute needs to separate into individual components, overcome IMF to make room and expand, than allow the solute and solvent to form a solution

predicting solubility for solids

increases with increasing temperature

predicting solubility for gases

decreases with increasing temperature

intermolecular forces

London Dispersal < Dipole-Dipole < Hydrogen Bonding < Ion-Dipole

entropy factors

increasing temperature, volume, number of molecules, and complexity of molecules all increases the entropy of the substance due to microstates

When ∆H is (-) and ∆S is (+)

∆G is (-) so always spontaneous

When ∆H is (+) and ∆S is (-)

∆G is (+) so never spontaneous

When ∆H is (-) and ∆S is (-)

∆G is (-) at low temperatures but (+) at high temperatures

When ∆H is (+) and ∆S is (+)

∆G is (+) at low temperatures but (-) at high temperatures