Gender socialisation

What is meant by gender roles?

Characteristics and behaviours that are considered appropriate for males and females in society

What do sociologists argue that gender roles are?

Socially constructed - roles performed are not a result of natural differences but how they’re defined in a particular society

What is meant by gender role socialisation?

The process why which individuals are taught appropriate behaviour for their gender

What does Ann Oakley argue agents of socialisation do?

Create gender roles by passing on different gender messages to boys and girls through infancy

What is meant by canalisation?

Channeling children’s interests towards gender specific activities and games

What is an example of canalisation?

Giving cars to boys and dolls to girls

What does Ann Oakley argue canalisation encourages?

Girls to be caring and ‘feminine’ and boys to be powerful and ‘masculine’

What is meant by manipulation?

Parents encouraging gendered behaviour and discouraging inappropriate gender behaviour

What is an example of manipulation?

Praising a boys strength and discouraging a boy from crying

What is meant by differentiation/different activities?

Parents encouraging children to be involved in different activities according to their gender

What is an example of differentiation/ different activities?

Asking girls to help with domestic tasks or asking boys to help build things

What are verbal appellations?

Gendered names being used for children

What is an example of verbal appellations?

Calling girls ‘princess’

What case study shows that adults encourage gendered behaviour stereotypes?

Katz - Baby X experiment

What are agents of socialisation?

Groups and organisations that pass on cultural norms and values to others

HOW do agents of socialisation pass on ther values?

Through the process of socialisation