MATERNAL - FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (part 2)

Burns

are the tissue damage that results from contact with thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation agents.

Thermal burns

are the most common type of injury

Thermal burns

occurs when the skin is damaged by heat.

Thermal burns

Tissue under the skin may also be damaged.

Chemical burns

occur upon contact with acid, alkali, or organic compounds.

Electrical burns

occur upon contact with high- or low-voltage electricity.

Radiation burns

are least common and are infrequent in children.

Lund-Browder method

The most accurate method for estimating TBSA for both adults and children.

Thermal burns

creates an open wound as a result of destruction of the skin. Following the burn, skin perfusion is decreased as blood vessels are occluded and vasoconstriction occurs.

Pulmonary injury

may occur as a result of inhalation of smoke, steam, or irritants.

Hypermetabolic

The child with a major burn is in a _______ state, consuming oxygen and calories at a rapid rate.

Emergent care

occurs for the first 72 hours of injury. Fluid resuscitation is critical in remedying intravascular fluid losses.

Oxygen

is delivered by mask or artificial ventilation.

Acute phase

accounts for the majority of time the patient spends in the hospital.

rehabilitative phase

lasts from complete wound healing to scar maturation.

Acute phase

also referred to as the emergent or resuscitative phase

Acute phase

Involves the first 24 to 72 hours

Acute phase

The primary emphasis during the emergent phase is the treatment of burn shock and the management of pulmonary status.

Management phase

extends from the completion of adequate resuscitation through wound coverage.

Management phase

The multidisciplinary team concentrates on preventing wound infections, closing the wound as quickly as possible, and managing the numerous complications.

rehabilitative phase

begins when most of the wounds have healed, and rehabilitation has become the predominant focus of the care plan.

Scald burn

stop burning process; remove individual's clothing and jewelry; apply moist or dry sterile dressing.

Flame burn

have individual drop and roll to extinguish; remove nonadherent clothing; apply moist or dry sterile dressing.

Chemical burn

flush eyes and skin for 20 minutes with water.

Electrical burn

turn off power sources; initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Burn debridement

To allow healthy tissue to heal and to prevent more damage or infection, burned tissue is removed in a procedure called?

Burn debridement

can be done by several different methods. They include surgical, chemical, mechanical, or autolytic tissue removal.

Escharotomy

is the surgical division of the nonviable eschar, the tough, inelastic mass of burnt tissue that results from full-thickness circumferential and near-circumferential skin burns.

Integra

artificial skin

Homograft

graft from same species

Allograft

also known as homograft

Heterograft

a graft from another species (not human)

Xenograft

also known as heterograft

Curlings ulcer

decreased hemoglobin level, decreased red blood cell count [anemial, coffee-ground emesis, abdominal distention