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When was the Yalta Conference?
February 1945
Who attended the Yalta Conference?
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
What was the outcome of the Yalta conference?
There were loose discussions of the fate of Europe post
US and USSR secured as the two major superpowers
When was the Potsdam Conference?
July 1945
Who attended the Potsdam Conference?
Truman, Churchill, Stalin
With what event did the tension between the US and USSR begin?
The Potsdam Conference
What happened at the Potsdam Conference?
Germany was divided into 4 occupational zones
Between what countries was Germany split?
France, Britain, America, Soviet Union
What city in Germany was also split?
Berlin
When did the US occupy Japan?
1945
What was the major idea of both war tribunals (Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials)?
You will be held accountable for your actions during war.
When and where were the Nuremberg Trials?
November 1945 in Nuremberg, Germany
Why was the United Nations created?
Founded to promote peaceful cooperation among the nations of the world
When is United Nations Day?
October 24
When was the charter for the UN drafted?
April 1945
What is a Cold War?
a war of just words, political and economic divisions, no actual fighting?
What is the American objective after WWII?
Peace
What is the Soviet objective after WWII?
protection of national security
What were the US and USSR's respective economic systems?
US: Capitalism
USSR: Socialism
What were the US and USSR's respective political philosiphies?
US: Democracy
USSR: Totalitarian
What were the US and USSR's respective key values?
US: Freedom
USSR: Equality
What did US and USSR society repsectively favor?
US: Individual
USSR: Collective
What were "buffer zones?"
Nations friendly to the USSR that surrounded the USSR in order to prevent invasions
What were satellite nations?
Countries under Soviet control where Communism is the main political philosophy
Who coined the term "Iron Curtain?"
Winston Churchill
What was the theory of containment? Who coined the term?
Contain communism where it existed, the Cold War strategy in the US
George Keenan coined the term
What were the only real superpowers during the cold war?
US and USSR
Where did the origins of the Cold War lay?
US
What was the Truman Doctrine
It provided financial aid to any country who was resisting communism
What was the Marshall Plan?
Provided $12 billion in aid to Western Europe for recovery after WWII
prevented the spread of communism by easing economic hardship
When did the Berlin Blockade begin?
June 24, 1948
What was the Berlin Blockade?
USSR blocked resources from getting into West Berlin with the hopes that the USSR could control all of Berlin
When was the Berlin Airlift?
1948
What was the Berlin Airlift?
US and UK had planes drop food and supplies during Berlin Blockade so west Berlin had food, fuel, medecine, etc
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Who was the supreme commander of NATO?
Dwight D. Eisenhower
What was the US contribution to NATO?
stationed troops in Europe
gave massive military aid to European allies
What was the Warsaw Pact?
Soviet response to NATO, 1955 millitary alliance with other Communist countries in Europe
What federal organizations were established during the Cold War?
Department of Defense, NSC, CIA
When does NSC stand for? What did they do?
National Security Counsel
advised the president
What does CIA stand for? What do they do?
Central Intelligence Agency
gathers information overseas
What was the committee that investigated Communism in the US?
HUAC
Who were the Hollywood Ten?
group of film directors who refused to answer HUAC's questions, their careers were destroyed
Who was Alger Hiss?
Accused of being a Communist spy
Denied charges but persistent questioning by HUAC member Richard Nixon (CA
Who were the Rosenbergs?
Julius and Ether Rosenberg
Julius sold atomic bomb secrets to the USSR
both executed in June 1953