Kissen - Cold War

When was the Yalta Conference?

February 1945

Who attended the Yalta Conference?

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

What was the outcome of the Yalta conference?

There were loose discussions of the fate of Europe post

US and USSR secured as the two major superpowers

When was the Potsdam Conference?

July 1945

Who attended the Potsdam Conference?

Truman, Churchill, Stalin

With what event did the tension between the US and USSR begin?

The Potsdam Conference

What happened at the Potsdam Conference?

Germany was divided into 4 occupational zones

Between what countries was Germany split?

France, Britain, America, Soviet Union

What city in Germany was also split?

Berlin

When did the US occupy Japan?

1945

What was the major idea of both war tribunals (Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials)?

You will be held accountable for your actions during war.

When and where were the Nuremberg Trials?

November 1945 in Nuremberg, Germany

Why was the United Nations created?

Founded to promote peaceful cooperation among the nations of the world

When is United Nations Day?

October 24

When was the charter for the UN drafted?

April 1945

What is a Cold War?

a war of just words, political and economic divisions, no actual fighting?

What is the American objective after WWII?

Peace

What is the Soviet objective after WWII?

protection of national security

What were the US and USSR's respective economic systems?

US: Capitalism
USSR: Socialism

What were the US and USSR's respective political philosiphies?

US: Democracy
USSR: Totalitarian

What were the US and USSR's respective key values?

US: Freedom
USSR: Equality

What did US and USSR society repsectively favor?

US: Individual
USSR: Collective

What were "buffer zones?"

Nations friendly to the USSR that surrounded the USSR in order to prevent invasions

What were satellite nations?

Countries under Soviet control where Communism is the main political philosophy

Who coined the term "Iron Curtain?"

Winston Churchill

What was the theory of containment? Who coined the term?

Contain communism where it existed, the Cold War strategy in the US

George Keenan coined the term

What were the only real superpowers during the cold war?

US and USSR

Where did the origins of the Cold War lay?

US

What was the Truman Doctrine

It provided financial aid to any country who was resisting communism

What was the Marshall Plan?

Provided $12 billion in aid to Western Europe for recovery after WWII

prevented the spread of communism by easing economic hardship

When did the Berlin Blockade begin?

June 24, 1948

What was the Berlin Blockade?

USSR blocked resources from getting into West Berlin with the hopes that the USSR could control all of Berlin

When was the Berlin Airlift?

1948

What was the Berlin Airlift?

US and UK had planes drop food and supplies during Berlin Blockade so west Berlin had food, fuel, medecine, etc

What does NATO stand for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Who was the supreme commander of NATO?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

What was the US contribution to NATO?

stationed troops in Europe

gave massive military aid to European allies

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Soviet response to NATO, 1955 millitary alliance with other Communist countries in Europe

What federal organizations were established during the Cold War?

Department of Defense, NSC, CIA

When does NSC stand for? What did they do?

National Security Counsel

advised the president

What does CIA stand for? What do they do?

Central Intelligence Agency

gathers information overseas

What was the committee that investigated Communism in the US?

HUAC

Who were the Hollywood Ten?

group of film directors who refused to answer HUAC's questions, their careers were destroyed

Who was Alger Hiss?

Accused of being a Communist spy
Denied charges but persistent questioning by HUAC member Richard Nixon (CA

Who were the Rosenbergs?

Julius and Ether Rosenberg
Julius sold atomic bomb secrets to the USSR
both executed in June 1953