Unit 3 comparison questions
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12 Terms
Q: Compare DNA organization: prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
A: Prokaryotes: circular chromosome, plasmids, operons. Eukaryotes: linear chromosomes, introns, no operons.
Q: Compare cell division: prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
A: Prokaryotes: binary fission. Eukaryotes: mitosis/meiosis.
Q: Compare transcription initiation in Bacteria vs. Archaea.
A: Bacteria: sigma factor binds promoter. Archaea: transcription factors bind promoter (more eukaryotic-like).
Q: Compare transcription termination in Bacteria vs. Archaea.
A: Bacteria: hairpin loop via inverted repeats. Archaea: not well-defined; no inverted repeats.
Q: Compare final electron acceptors, aerobic vs anerobic
A: Aerobic: O₂. Anaerobic: inorganic molecules (NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, CO₂).
Q: Compare ATP yield.
A: Aerobic: high (~32 ATP). Anaerobic: lower (less efficient 5-30)
Q: Compare use of ETC (respiration vs fermentation)
A: Respiration: uses ETC. Fermentation: no ETC.
Q: Compare final electron acceptor (respiration vs fermentation).
A: Respiration: inorganic (O₂ or other). Fermentation: organic (pyruvate/acetaldehyde).
Chemoorganotroph vs. Chemolithotroph Q: Compare energy source.
A: Chemoorganotroph: organic compounds. Chemolithotroph: inorganic compounds.
Chemoorganotroph vs. Chemolithotroph Q: Compare carbon source (typically).
A: Both can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, but chemolithotrophs are often autotrophs.
Autotroph vs. Heterotroph
Q: Compare carbon source.
A: Autotroph: CO₂. Heterotroph: organic carbon.
Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Q: Compare energy source (examples).
A: Autotroph: light (photoautotroph) or inorganic chemicals (chemoautotroph). Heterotroph: organic chemicals.
Note 
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