Heart Anatomy and Blood Circulation

This set of flashcards focuses on key vocabulary related to heart anatomy, blood circulation, and blood types.

Myocardium

The thick middle layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle tissue responsible for pumping blood.

Coronary Circulation

The blood supply to the heart muscle, including coronary arteries and cardiac veins.

Endocardium

The innermost layer of the heart that lines the heart chambers and valves, preventing blood from sticking.

Epicardium

The outermost layer of the heart wall, also known as the visceral pericardium, which secretes fluid to reduce friction.

Pericardium

A double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart, consisting of fibrous and serous layers.

Aorta

The largest artery in the body that distributes oxygenated blood to the entire body.

Tricuspid Valve

The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle, ensuring unidirectional blood flow.

Mitral Valve

Also known as the bicuspid valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Pulmonary Artery

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

ABO Blood Group System

A classification of blood based on the presence of A and B antigens on red blood cells.

Universal Donor

O negative (O-) blood type that can donate to any blood type.

Rh-positive (Rh+)

Blood that has the Rh D antigen present on red blood cells.

Cardiac Veins

Veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the coronary sinus.

Heart Chambers

The four compartments of the heart: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

Heart Valves

Structures that ensure the unidirectional flow of blood within the heart.

SA node

Heart pace maker located in the right upper atrium

Capillaries

Blood vessels responsible for gas exchange between the bloodstream and tissues

Bundle of His

Known as atrioventricular bundle

Punkinje fibers and Bundle of His

Specialized cardiac muscles that rapidly conduct electrical impulses from atrioventicular note to the ventricle allowing ventricle contractions

Right and left coronary arteries

Supple blood to the heart muscles

Blood flow through heart

Right atrium- Tricuspid- Right ventricle- Pulmonary Valve-Pulmonary Aertweies- Kungs- Pulmonary Veins-Ledt atrium- Mitral Valve- Left ventricles- Aortic valve- Aorta- Systematic circulation

Bundle branches

Right and left branches extend from the bundles of His

Purkinje fibers

Terminal branches that rapidly distribute impulses throughout the ventricles

Systolic

Contract

Diastole

Relaxation

Ventricle systole

As closes ( lub sound) preventing b

Cardiac output

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricule per min

Stroke volume

Volume of book ejected per contraction approximately 70 ml

Heart rate

Number of contactions per min (70-75bpm at rest)

Preload

Influence venous return

After load

Resistance against which ventricle must pump

Contractility

Strength of cardiac muscle

Blood flow

Amount of blood moving through vessel per min

Aorta

Carries oxygenated blood

Pericardium

Surround. Heart; provides protection and reduce friction during heart beat