APWH Unit 4 Vocab

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

Carrack

Large Portuguese ship used for ocean travel

Fluyt

a Dutch type of sailing vessel originally designed as a dedicated cargo vessel.

Henry the Navigator

(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.

Vasco de Gama

A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.

Trading Post Empire

16th Century. Built initially by the portuguese, these were used to control the trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties there.

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Mercantilism

an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests

The Great Dying

the devastation of American Indian populations by diseases brought over from Europe

Chattel Slavery

Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person.

Mita System

Incan system for payment of taxes with labor

Indentured Servitude

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.

Encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

Hacienda

Spanish colonists formed large, self-sufficient farming estates known as these.

Joint-Stock Company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Royal Chartered Monopoly Companies

Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to Indian Ocean colonies

Vodun

African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti.

Santeria

Cuban religion that combines Catholic and West African beliefs

Casta Paintings

paintings from New Spain showing people of mixed races

Mestizo

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.

Mulatto

A person of mixed African and European ancestry

Creoles

Spaniards born in Latin America

Peninsulares

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.

The Fronde

a french rebellion that was caused by Mazarin's attempt to increase royal revenue and expand state bureaucracy, caused Louis XIV to distrust the state and turn to absolutism

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Nat Turner's rebellion was a violent slave uprising in August 1831 in Southampton County, Virginia, led by the enslaved preacher Nat Turner. It was important because it was one of the largest and deadliest slave revolts in U.S. history, instilling widespread fear among white Southerners, which led to the passage of harsher slave codes and restrictions, and it intensified sectional tensions that contributed to the eventual Civil War.

British East India Company

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 caused the British Government to take direct control over the Indian colony, which had previously been controlled by this organization.

Dutch East India Company

Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Coercive Labor

Any labor system that involves force (slavery, chattel slavery, serfdom, and indentured labor)

Bullion

gold and silver in the form of bars