Chapter 10: Endocrine System

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Hormone secretion into the bloodstream

What is known as the master gland?

Pituitary gland

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Sella turcica

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

Controls action of other glands in endocrine system

What hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

- Growth hormone (GH)

- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

- Adrenocorticotropichormone (ACTH)

- Gonadotropin

What hormones are secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

How many lobes does the pituitary gland have?

2 (anterior and posterior)

What is hyperpituitarism?

Hyperplasia of anterior lobe that produces excess growth hormone

What condition causes hyperpituitarism in children?

Gigantism

What condition causes hyperpituitarism in adults?

Acromegaly

What is diabetes insipidus?

Reduction in secretion of vasopressin (ADH) where too much water is pulled from the bloodstream

What lobe does diabetes insipidus affect?

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Where are the adrenal glands located?

On top of the kidneys (superior pole)

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

- Aldosterone

- Cortisone (cortisol)

- Testosterone

- Androstenedione

- Epinephrine

- Norepinephrine

What does the aldosterone hormone control in the body?

Blood pressure (sodium & potassium levels)

What is the purpose of the adrenal glands?

They release hormones that help the body respond to stress

What condition is caused by excess production of glucocorticoid hormones?

Cushing's syndrome

What is a tumor of the adrenal medulla called?

Pheochromocytoma

What is the name of the butterfly shaped gland located anterior to the larynx?

Thyroid gland

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

Regulates body metabolism and stores thyroxine

What is the superior imaging modality for demonstrating the function and non functioning thyroid tissue?

Nuclear medicine

What is a goiter?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

What glands consist of 4 tiny, oval shaped structures that are responsible for hormones that control levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood?

Parathyroid glands

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Behind the thyroid

What condition occurs as a result of increased secretion of parathormone (PTH)?

Hyperparathyroidism

What is primary hyperparathyroidism?

Enlargement of 1 or more glands causing an overproduction of hormones

What is secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Low calcium levels created somewhere else in body causes an increase in stimulation for production of PTH hormone

What condition is a result of the body’s lack of response to proper secretion of parathyroid hormone?

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus?

Type 1 and type 2

Type 1 diabetes mellitus:

Pancreas does not make enough insulin

Type 2 diabetes mellitus:

Insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion

Who is most affected for type 1 diabetes?

Children (juvenile diabetes)

Who is most affected for type 2 diabetes?

Adults

Which is the most common form of diabetes mellitus?

Type 2