Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Flashcards containing key vocabulary related to eukaryotic cells, their structures, functions, and processes.

Eukaryotic cell

Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Flagella

Long projections used for movement; have 9+2 microtubule arrangement.

Cilia

Short, numerous projections for movement; 9+2 arrangement.

Glycocalyx

Carbohydrate coating that protects cells and aids in recognition.

Cell wall

Outer structure providing support; made of cellulose or chitin.

Plasma membrane

Selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer.

Endocytosis

Process of bringing material into the cell.

Phagocytosis

Cell eating solid particles.

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking fluids.

Cytoskeleton

Protein fibers that give structure and transport.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis.

Nucleus

Organelle containing DNA.

Nucleolus

Produces rRNA.

Rough ER

Protein synthesis and processing.

Smooth ER

Lipid and steroid synthesis.

Golgi complex

Modifies and packages proteins.

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes.

Mitochondria

Site of ATP production.

Cristae

Folds of mitochondrial inner membrane.

Chloroplast

Photosynthesis organelle.

Thylakoid

Membrane sacs containing chlorophyll.

Grana

Stacks of thylakoids.

Peroxisome

Breaks down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide.

Endosymbiotic theory

Theory explaining origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Chitin

Carbohydrate found in fungal cell walls.

Phospholipid bilayer

Type of membrane structure that makes up the plasma membrane.

80S ribosomes

Size of ribosomes found in eukaryotic cytoplasm.

70S ribosomes

Size of ribosomes found in prokaryotes and mitochondria.

Chlorophyll

Pigment found in chloroplasts.