Nutrition
food that we eat and liquids that we drink
What are the 5 required types of nutrition?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Malnutrition
deficiency or imbalance in the consumption of food, vitamins, and minerals
Assimilated
food enters the cell and is chemically altered
What is the role of the liver?
carry out initial parts of protein and fat digestion for creating plasma proteins (albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen)
Bile
responsible for chemical breakdown of fats; secreted by liver, and stored in gallbladder
Hepatic Portal Vein
vein that goes from the intestines to the liver to remove things that need to be stored & to remove toxins
Nutrient Metabolism Types
Carbohydrate metabolism
Fat metabolism
Protein
What is the body’s preferred source of energy?
carbohydrates
What are the essential Amino Acids?
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Vitamins
organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism
Avitaminosis
vitamin deficiency
Example of a vitamin deficiency (avitaminosis)
scurvy: deficiency in vitamin c
Hypervitaminosis
vitamin excess
Minerals
inorganic elements or salts found naturally in the earth
What makes something organic?
carbon is present = organic
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
is the rate which food is catabolized at resting (but awake) state
Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)
is the total amount of energy used by the body per day
What are some factors that affect BMR?
Size (surface area)
Sex
Age
Amount of thyroid hormone
Miscellaneous (fever, drugs, emotions)
What are 3 metabolic/eating disorders?
1) inborn errors of metabolism
2) complications of other conditions
3) eating/ nutrition disorders
Inborn errors of metabolism example
Phenylketonura (PKU)
Complications of other conditions example
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
4 examples of eating/ nutrition disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia
Obesity
Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM)
Anorexia nervosa
behavioral disorder characterized by refusal to eat
Bulimia
behavioral disorder characterized by binge and purge
Obesity
possible chronic overeating disorder
Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM)
abnormal condition from a deficiency of calories and proteins in general
What are the 2 kinds of advanced PCM?
marasmus and kwashiorkor
Marasmus
lack of calories and protein when sufficient food is not available (can see ribs)
Kwashikor
protein deficiency in the presence of sufficient calories, as in weaning a child from milk to low-protein foods. The wasting of muscle tissue causes severe abdominal bloating and flaking dermatitis
What are 6 abnormal body temp disorders?
1) fever
2) malignant hypothermia
3) heat exhaustion
4) heat stroke
5) hypothermia
6) frostbite
Fever
started by pyrogens (fire makers); these chemicals cause the hypothalamus to induce a fever and set the body temp at a higher level. the need of a person to 'warm up' is caused by chills
Malignant Hyperthermia
abnormally high body temp and muscle rigidity when exposed to certain anesthetics
Heat Exhaustion
body loses lots of fluids; can cause vertigo, nausea, and lack of consciousness
Heat Stroke
inability of the body to maintain a normal temp in an extremely warm environment. typically body temp is 105 or higher.
Hypothermia
inability to maintain a normal temp in cold environments. body temp is normally lower than 95.
Frostbite
frozen skin resulting in death of affected area