Lecture on Cell Biology and Energy Dynamics

These flashcards cover key concepts discussed in the lecture on cell biology and energy dynamics, including osmosis, metabolism, and thermodynamics.

Collision

An encounter between two objects that results in the transfer of energy.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

Hypotonic

A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside, causing water to flow into the cell.

Hypertonic

A solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside, causing water to flow out of the cell.

Isotonic

A solution with an equal concentration of solute inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Exocytosis

The process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Endocytosis

The process by which a cell engulfs material from outside the cell and brings it inside.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis where cells engulf large particles or cells, such as pathogens or debris.

Metabolism

All chemical reactions in a cell that capture, store, or utilize energy.

Catabolism

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Anabolism

The building of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.

Potential energy

Energy stored in an object due to its position or arrangement.

Kinetic energy

Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Thermodynamics

The study of energy and heat transfer in physical systems.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The natural tendency of the universe is to become less organized over time, leading to increased entropy.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water.

Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction that involves the formation of a bond by removing water.