Hall Study Guide

Impeachment

The process of kicking a president out of office

Bill of Rights

1st ten amendments to the constitution that give us our basic rights and freedoms as U.S citizens.

1st Amendment

Freedom of speech, Freedom of press, Right to petition, Right to assemble

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment

Protection against illegal searches and seizures

5th Amendment

Right to “Due Process of Law”, Protection against self-incrimination, Protection against double jeopardy

John Locke

British philosopher who came up with the idea of natural rights in the 1700s

Marbury v. Madison

Landmark supreme court case then established Judicial Review

Montesquieu

Philosopher who believed the power of government needed to be broken up into branches to avoid one person or group from becoming too powerful

Federalist Papers

Collections of essays written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in support of the new constitution

Federalists

Group of our founding fathers that supported the passage of the new constitution in the late 1700s

Articles of Confederation

1st official government of the U.S

Efficiency

Goal of industrialization, you’re trying to make a product as quickly and cheaply in order to make the most profit

James Watt

He improved the steam engine in the late 1700s

Means of Production

Money, People, and Resources needed to fuel industrialization

Capital

Money to invest in new technologies in your factory

Urbanization

During the period of industrialization people are going to be selling their small family farms and moving to cities for jobs in factories

Robber Barons

Industrialists who are going to be making millions off of the exploitation of their workers. Also these industrialists are going to be forming monopolies over their industries

Laissez- Faire

Hands of economics, Government does not get involved in the economy

AFL

American Federation of Labor, 1st powerful labor union in the U.S

Progressives

Movement in the early 1900s where middle class citizens wanted more government reforms to help improve people's lives

Muckrackers

Journalists who exposed problems in society during the industrial revolution

Reasons to Become Imperialistic

New sources of resources, open new markets, convert indigenous people to your culture, create naval bases across the globe

USS Maine

US Naval ship that sank in Havana harbor at the onset of the Spanish-American war

Splendid Little War

Nickname given to the Spanish-American war because the war only lasted about 6 months

Purchase of Alaska

The US bought Alaska from Russia in the late 1800s

Imperialism

The practice of stronger countries taking over weaker smaller nations

Scramble for Africa

30 year period in the late 1800s where European powers are going to be competing for territory in Africa

Great White Fleet

Redesigned US Navy in the early 1990s that travelled across the globe to show how powerful the US navy had become

Banana Republics

Imperialist countries don’t take over countries through military force, but by taking over a weaker nation's economy

Indigenous

Native to the land

Yellow Journalism

Journalists in the late 1800s are going to be publishing sensational stories to try and force the US government to go to war with Spain after the sinking of the USS Maine

Exploitation

Taking a countries resources without giving them anything in return

Roosevelt Corollary

Policy that the US military would be the police force of North and South America

Boxer Rebellion

Uprising of Chinese nationalists who are trying to force European influences out of the country

Boer War

War between British military and Dutch farmers in South Africa who are fighting over diamond mines

Open Door Policy

US government wants to end Sphere of Influence and be allowed to trade with China in the mid 1800s

Nationalism

The belief that your country is the greatest in the world

Amendments

Changes or additions to the Constitution