BT1-REFERENCE-MATERIAL-PART-1

Ferrous Metals

Metals that contain iron as the main component, including iron, steel, and their alloys, commonly used in structural applications due to their cost-effectiveness.

Non-Ferrous Metals

Metals that do not contain iron as the main component, such as aluminum, copper, and titanium, known for their resistance to corrosion and other specific properties.

Alloys

Mixtures of a base metal with one or more additional elements, resulting in materials with unique properties different from the individual metals.

Steel

A malleable alloy of iron and carbon, often combined with other elements like manganese and silicon to provide specific properties, commonly used in construction for its strength and versatility.

Galvanized Iron (G.I.)

Iron coated with zinc to prevent rust, achieved through hot-dip galvanizing, commonly used in metal decking, roofing, and piping.

Alloy Steels

Steels made by combining iron with other elements like nickel, chromium, and copper to enhance their properties for specific applications.

Stainless Steels

Steels made by adding chromium or a combination of nickel and chromium, known for their corrosion resistance, commonly used in building components like exterior panels and frames.

Weathering Steel

High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) steel that forms its own protective oxide layer against atmospheric corrosion, eliminating the need for painting, commonly used in structural materials.

Wrought Iron

Iron produced from pig iron with reduced carbon and impurities, known for its toughness and ductility, commonly used in roofing sheets and metal ornaments.

Reinforcing Steel

Steel bars used in construction, either plain or deformed, with lugs or deformations to provide anchorage to concrete, commonly used in structural reinforcement.

Steel Strapping

Made from high tensile flat wire in various sizes, used for banding column forms to prevent bulging under pressure of freshly poured concrete.

Open Web Steel Joists

Lightweight warren-type trusses used in construction.

Sheet Steel

Comes in black and galvanized forms, utilized for manufacturing corrugated roofing, siding, and formed steel decking.

Aluminum

Soft, non-magnetic, ductile, silvery white metal with high thermal and electrical conductivity, commonly used in structural framing and secondary building elements.

Copper

Ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metal with high thermal and electrical conductivity, used in electrical wiring, piping, flashing, and roofing.

Brass

Alloy of copper and zinc with a yellow color, resistant to tarnishing, used for decoration, coins, and polished surfaces.

Lead

Soft, malleable metal with a bluish-white color, used in roofing, flashing, and wall panels.

Tungsten Carbide

Chemical compound containing tungsten and carbon, commonly known as carbide, used in various applications.

Soldering

Joining process where metal items are fused using a low melting-point filler metal.

Annealing

Process of heating and slowly cooling metals like copper, steel, and brass to soften them for further work.

Brazing

Joining process where a filler metal is melted and distributed between close fitting parts.

Welding

Fabrication process that joins materials by causing coalescence through melting and adding filler material.

Rivet

Mechanical fastener with a cylindrical shaft and head used to join materials together, including blind rivets or pop rivets.

Bolted Connection

A method of connecting metal pieces using bolts inserted through holes in the metals, with nuts tightened at the threaded end. Standards are governed by AISC and local NSCP.

Metal Protection Methods

Various coating and protection systems used on steel structures to prevent corrosion caused by exposure to moisture and oxygen.

Steel Reinforcement

Steel is the most widely used material for reinforcing concrete, providing resistance to tension and compression stresses. Steel reinforcing bars with surface deformations are used to ensure a strong bond with concrete.

Standard Weight of Steel Bars

Specifications for deformed and plain carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement, categorized into grades like Grade 40, Grade 60, Grade 75, and Grade 80.

Steel Bar Marking System

Distinctive markings on steel reinforcing bars that identify the manufacturer, bar size number, and type of steel bars.

Structural Framing

Governed by standards like ANSI/AISC and NSCP, providing requirements for designing and constructing structural steel buildings and other structures.

Metal Studs, Furring, and Joists

Construction of walls and planes using cold-formed steel components, including studs, tracks, and metal furring systems for finish materials and services installation.