Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to photosynthesis and cellular respiration, focusing on definitions and processes.

Hydrogen ions

Released during respiration when glucose is oxidized.

Terminal electron acceptor

Molecule that is reduced and produces water, which is oxygen.

Potential energy gradient

Created by an excess of hydrogen ions outside the mitochondrial membrane.

Proton channel proteins

Energy released by movement of protons through these proteins is used to synthesize ATP.

Photosystem I

Occurs before photosystem II during the light reactions.

Photosystem

A collection of pigments that trap solar energy and focus it on reaction centers, releasing high-energy electrons.

Electron transport chain

Where high-energy electrons from photosystem II are used to convert ADP into ATP.

NADPH

Product of photosystem I that reduces NADP+ to NADPH.

Calvin cycle

Process that uses carbon dioxide gas and energy to produce carbohydrates.

Carbon fixation

Process where carbon dioxide molecules are 'fixed' from a gaseous form to a solid 6-carbon molecule.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food, often through photosynthesis.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that consume pre-formed organic molecules for energy.

Role of plant pigments in photosynthesis

To absorb light energy.