Nursing Research Method

close-ended questions

Quantitative data uses what kind of questions?

open-ended questions

Qualitative data uses what kind of questions?

Ethnography

The study of ethnic/cultural/ population groups in their natural setting. It is a blend of process (fieldwork) and a product (written text)

to learn from people, to understand their world view as they define it

What is the primary aim of the ethnographer?

Phenomenological research

It focuses on the everyday world; lived experiences. Attempts to discover the essential meaning of human endeavor

in-depth conversations with researcher

What is the source of data in a phenomenological research?

Grounded theory

An approach to the study of social processes (e.g., social interactions) and social structures (relationships & organizations)

to generate comprehensive explanations of phenomena grounded in reality; to generate theory from data

What is the primary purpose of a grounded theory?

recursive (circular)

In a grounded theory, the process is ________ in which a researcher systematically collects data, describes a core category, and recycles earlier steps.

Case study

It involves in-depth investigation of an individual, community, population group, or institution conducted under natural condition

Feminist research

It is the affirmation of the principle that research must move beyond "knowledge for its own sake," generation of knowledge that will contribute to women's liberation and emancipation

6-12 participants

In a qualitative phenomenological study, how many participants are needed?

6-7 participants

In a focused grouped discussion, how many participants are needed?

n=N/(1+Ne^2)

What is the Slovin's Formula?

154 participants

Using the Slovin's formula, find the sample size if the total population is 250 and margin of error is 5%?

317 participants

Using the Slovin's formula, find the sample size if the total population is 1,524 and margin of error is 5%?

Total enumeration/census

It is the study of all elements in the population

population

The total number of elements (e.g. items, objects, areas, or individuals) to be studied.

sampling

It is the process of choosing a representative portion of a population or some elements in a population that will represent the entire population.

sample survey

It is the study of representative elements

Sampling

It is the process of choosing a representative portion of a population or some elements in a population that will represent the entire population.

population element

It is the unit of study. It is an item, an object, an area, or an individual on which data will be taken

each breast feeding mother

"Breast feeding practices among mothers in Barangay Villamonte, Bacolod City: Prevalence, Duration and Determinants"

What is the population element in the study?

breastfeeding mothers in the study areas

"Breast feeding practices among mothers in Barangay Villamonte, Bacolod City: Prevalence, Duration and Determinants"

What is the target population in the study?

Sampling frame

It is a list of all the elements or sampling units (e.g. items, persons) in a population.

It is cheaper, faster, more accurate and can yield more comprehensive information

What are the reasons why to study a sample?

Probability sampling

It is based on the concept of random selection, a procedure that assures that all elements in the population are given an equal chance of being selected as a sample unit.

Simple random sampling

A type of probability sampling in which it is a process of selecting sample cases or subset of sample cases from a population, giving all the sampling units equal chances of being included as a sample.

table of random digits

It is a table used in simple random sampling in which it contains randomly arranged numbers, in columns and in rows.

Systematic sampling with a random start

A type of probability sampling in which it is a method of selecting a sample from a population by taking the kth units from an ordered population, from the first unit which is selected at random.

sampling interval

In a systematic sampling with a random start, what is the K called?

Stratified random sampling

It is the process of selecting a random sample from subgroups or strata into which a population has been subdivided.

Cluster sampling

A type of probability sampling in which it is a method of selecting a sample of groups or clusters of elements

Multistage sampling

A type of probability sampling in which the selection of the sample is accomplished in two or more stages.

Non-probability sampling

It is arbitrary (non-random) and is generally subjective. Data gatherers choose sample cases, "as they wish" or "wherever they find them." is judgmental sampling.

convenience/accidental sampling

A type of non-probability sampling in which the investigator selects the sample units as they become available.

Purposive sampling

A type of non-probability sampling in which the investigator uses a specific purpose in selecting a sample.

questionnaire

What is the preferred instrument in a quantitative study?

semi-structured interview guide

What is the preferred instrument in a qualitative study?

Good and Scates

What is the preferred instrument validation tool in a quantitative study?

Lincoln and Guba

What is the preferred instrument validation tool in a qualitative study?

credibility

It is confidence in 'truth' of findings

transferability

It is showing that the findings have applicability in other contexts

dependability

It is showing that the findings are consistent and could be repeated

confirmability

It is a degree of neutrality or the extent to which the findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias, motivation, or interest.

>0.70 to 1.0

What is the acceptable range in Cronbach's Alpha?

reliability

It is a test of the instrument that tells that the instrument regardless of time, it will be consistent.

validity

It is a test when the instrument is able to answer what is asked/supposed to answer.

3-5

What is the accepted validity score?

test-retest

It also tests for validity and reliability but is time consuming