CPCE Advised

Rogers (person-centered)

individual is good & moves toward growth & self-actualization

Berne (transactional analysis)

messages learned about self in childhood determine whether person is good or bad, though intervention can change this script

Freud (psychoanalysis)

deterministic; people are controlled by biological instincts; are unsocialized, irrational; driven by unconscious forces such as sex & aggression

Ellis (rational-emotive behavior therapy)

people have a cultural/biological propensity to think in a disturbed manner but can be taught to use their capacity to react differently

Perls (gestalt)

people are not bad or good. people have the capacity to govern life effectively as “whole”. people are part of their environment & must be viewed as much

Glasser (reality therapy)

individuals strive to meet basic physiological needs & the need to be worthwhile to self & others. brain as control system tries to meet needs.

Adler (individual psychology)

man is basically good; much of behavior is determined via birth order

Jung (analytic psychology)

man strives for individuation or a sense of self-fulfillment

Skinner (behavior modification)

humans are like other animals: mechanistic & controlled via environmental stimuli & reinforcement contingencies; not good or bad; no self-determination or freedom

Bandura (neobehavioristic)

person produces & is a product of conditioning. observation & modeling are extremely important

Frankl (logotherapy)

existential view is that humans are good, rational, & retain freedom of choice

Williamson (trait-factor)

through education & scientific data, man can become himself. humans are born with potential for good or evil. others are needed to help unleash positive potential. man is mainly rational, not intuitive