Honors Biology Unit 6 SCHS

Bio Unit 6

What is genetics?

Genetics is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation.

What are Mendel’s three key decisions?

Control over breeding, use of purebred plants, observation of either or traits. Pea plants Reproduced quickly.

What is the P generation?

Parental generation.

What is the F1 generation?

The offspring resulting from a parental cross are referred to as the first filial generation (or F1 generation).

What is the F2 generation?

The result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

What is the law of segregation?

Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent. Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes (two copies of each gene segregate, or seperate, during gamete formation.

What are Mendel’s three conclusions?

Traits are inherited as discrete units, and the other two are collectively called the law of segregation.

What is a gene?

A piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein.

How many alleles do you have for each gene?

Two.

What does homozygous mean?

Two of the same allele.

What does heterozygous mean?

Two different alleles.

What is a genome?

All the organism’s genetic material.

What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism for a particular gene (e.g. RR).

What is a phenotype?

If R is dominant, RR=Rr.

What is a dominant allele?

If R is dominant, RR=Rr. Capital letter is always dominant.

What is a recessive allele?

Only expressed if have two copies of recessive present. Lowercase letter always represents.

Type AB blood would react with antibodies…

None.

Proteins differ from one another because…

they have a different number of amino acids, they each have their own unique 3d shape, they are composed of different amino acids.

What type of cell division results in 4 haploid cells?

Meiosis.

Mutations that affect multiple genes usually take place during…

Meiosis

How many chromosomes would a normal human karyotype have?

46

Why do some enzymes stop working when the temperature increases?

They denature, the shape of the active site may be altered, their 3d shape is altered.

Determine the Amino Acid Sequence from the following mRNA sequence: UUUCCAGCU

Phe-Pro-Ser.

Mutuations in the DNA sequence of a gene _______ affect the expression of the gene.

May or may not.

Sex Linked genetic disorders are more likely in men than women because…

men only have a single x chromosome.

The correct notation for theis karyotype is…

47XY+21

What is used to match chromosomes when preparing a karyotype?

beinding patterns, length of chromosome, and centromere position.

Human eye color is an example of what kind of inheritance?

Polygenic

What would be the phenotypic ratio in the following genetic cross: TT and tt?

4:0

In a monohybrid cross, if all the offspring are heterozygous, the parents must be both…

homozygous

What would be the possible phenotypes of the cross AB and O?

A, B

What would be the posible gametes for the following genotype: BbTt?

BT, Bt, bT, bt

What factors affect an organisms phenotype?

the organism´ s epigenome, the organisms genotype, and the environment.

Which of the followimng factors affect an organisms genotype: The environment, An organisms genotype, the organisms epigenome?

None of the listed.

Genes found on the same chromosome are called…

linked genes

This image shows what type of inheritance?

co-dominance.

the first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called…

both homologous and autosomes.

What would be the genotypic ratio in this genetic cross?

1:2:1

The number of chromosomes in gametes are termed…

haploids

What would be the female

parent´ s genotype be?

a gene that maintains its epigentic tag, s when it becomes an embryo is called an…

imprinted gene

Which of the following blood types results in different phenotypes: IAi and IAIA, IAIB and IAIA, IBIB and IBi, all of the listed?

IAIB and IAIA

Genes carry instructions for assembling…

proteins

What would be the expected genotype ratio from a cross between two homozygous recessive parents?

0:4 not 4:0.

Albinism(the lack of all other pigments is an example of…

epistasis.

What % of the offspring would have a disorder if it is a dominant disorder in a cross between Ss and Ss?

75%

What is co-dominance? Give an example.

\n When both traits are expressed. (Ex. Red and white flower.)

What is incomplete dominance?

A blending of traits. Red+White=Pink.