apwh 12

Muhammad Ali

Founder or modern egypt, industrializes egypt with mainly cotton

Suez Canal

waterway connecting Mediterranean and Red Sea which connected Asia and Europe

Qing Dynasty

Manchurian rule of china

Opium Wars

outlaw of opium in the Qing Dynasty, british started this war in response

Empress Cixi

Chinese ruler, responsible for initial decline of the Qing but initiates reforms

Sun Yat-sen

In power after the Qing Dynasty, implemented democracy, modern Tawain

Janissaries

Outlawed by Ottoman, against Tanzimat reforms because they lose power.

conscription

forced military drafts practiced in Europe

Cairo

capital of Egypt

Tanzimat Reforms

Ottoman reform of military, school systems, legal codes, and taxes. Resistance from traditionalists

Self strengthening movement

1800s, Chinese adopt western ideas while keeping confucian values

Chinese nationalist party(Kuomintang)

Democratic China with western values, later replaced by the Chinese communist party

Japanese Act of Seclusion

250 years of isolation or Japan with a few exceptions

Commodore Matthew Perry

US navy Commander that went to Japan and said trade or die

Tokugawa Shogunate

falls to Matthew Perry, replaced by Meiji Restoration

Charter Oath

All reforms of the Meiji Restoration

Meiji Restoration

replaced Tokugawa shogunate

Sino-Japanese War

Chinese vs Japanese, Japan wins and takes Korea(1894)

Russo-Japanese war

Russia v. Japan, Russia tries to take Korea but fails

Young Turks

tries to modernize ottomans and tries to push secular beliefs +constitutional govt

kowtow

bowing to chinese emperors where your head goes completely to the floor, europeans reject this

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HSBC)

British bank headquartered in Hong Kong, example of industrial revolution going global, connects Europe to Asia

Deindustrialization

Opposite of Industrialization ex. china and india

Sepoys

Indian British Soldiers

Famine

Lack of food, result of British monoculture

Shogun

military commander of Japan

Daimyo

aristocrats of Japan

Zaibutsi

large family owned Japanese conglomerates, key component in Japanese industrialization

Crimean War

Russia v. Ottomans, Russia is defeated because US and French help the Ottomans, forces Russia to industrialize

Russification

Spread of Russian ideas and culture

Turkification

spread of turkish ideas and culture

Capitulations

Common in the Ottoman Empire, foreigners living in a country where local law does not apply to them

Franco-Prussian war

French v. Prussia, Prussia wins and forces the French to pay reparations

British East India Company

powerful English joint-stock trading company, founded in 1600

Lord Cornwallis

governor of India, British general during American Revolution

Blood and Iron

Otto Von Bismarck’s policy of industrialization

Otto Von Bismarck

Chancellor of Prussia, industrializes, imperializes and unifies