Studied by 3 peopleWhat are the two functions of the circulatory system?
Transportation (blood cells, food molecules, hormones, co2, urea) and protection against diseases
What are the components of the blood?
Red blood cells, White blood cells (lymphocyte and phagocyte), platelets and plasma
What red blood cells and what are the adaptions of the red blood cells?
Specialised cells adapted for oxygen transport
It contains haemoglobin which is rich in iron and oxygen joins to it, has a large bioncave cave shape which increases the surface area and there is no nucleus allowing more room for oxygen to be transported
What are white blood cells and what are the two types of white blood cells?
Defence against disease
lymphocyte and phagocyte
What is a lymphocyte?
It is a white blood cell that produces antibodies and causes microbes to clump together. It has one large nucleus
What is a phagocyte?
It is a type o white blood cell that engulf microbes in a process called phagocytosis. It has many small nuclei
What are platelets?
They convert fibrin into fibrinogen during blood clot when a cut is formed to produce a scab to prevent bleeding.
What is plasma?
Plasma is a straw coloured liquid which transports blood cells, food molecules, co2 and urea.
What is the order of the circulatory system? (people always have rennee rapp hair, very purple hair)
Pulmonary artery, aorta, hepatic portal vein, renal artery, renal vein, hepatic vein, vena cava, pulmonary vein, hepatic artery
What is the pulmonary artery and vein connected to?
The lungs
What is the hepatic vein/artery and the hepatic portal vein connected to?
The liver
What are the renal artery and vein connected to?
The kidney
Name the components of the heart
vena cava →right atrium →right ventricle →pulmonary artery
left ventricle →left atrium → pulmonary vein
What is the journey of blood through the body?
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle →pulmonary artery →lungs → pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → rest of the body
What causes a heart attack?
Cholesterol build up
Causing narrow arteries
Causes blockages/blood clots
Glucose and oxygen cant get through to heart
heart muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen
What causes a stroke?
Blockage in arteries in brain
Reduced blood flow to brain
Cells are deprived of oxygen and glucose
Cells die due to no respiration
What are treatments for cardiovascular disease?
Angioplasty and stents or drugs
What is angioplasty and stents?
Angioplasty is a medical treatment where a ‘balloon’ widens and opens diseased arteries so that the mesh stents can be inserted into blood vessels
What drugs are used to treat cardiovascular disease?
Aspirins and stains are most commonly used to treat this
What do stains do?
These help reduce cholesterol, prevent blockage in the artery and allow blood to flow more easily
Describe the structure of arteries
Thickest wall
Highest blood pressure
No valves
Muscles and Elastic fibers present to smooth out blood flow
Relatively small lumen
Describe the structure of vein
thinner than artery
less muscle and elastic fibres
low blood pressure
valves present-prevent backflow of blood
relatively large lumen-prevent friction
Describe the structure of capillary
One cell thick allows exchange between blood and body cells
Low blood pressure
No valves present
Very small lumen diameter
What is an artery?
A blood vessel that carries blood under high pressure away from the heart (usually oxygenated blood)
What is a vein?
A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart (usually deoxygenated) with valves that maintain the direction of flow
What is a capillary?
A very thin blood vessel through which the exchange of material between blood and cells takes place
What is double circulation?
The blood travels through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body
What are some effects of excercise?
Strengthens the heart muscle
Increases cardiac output even when not exercising
Increased muscle contraction requiring energy from respiration
Increased cardiac output and blood flow to muscles to supply glucose and oxygen
Why are ventricles thicker than the atria?
they are the chambers that pump the blood
Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle?
pumps blood around the whole body-not just the lungs
What do valves work towards
Prevent backflow
Ensure the heart works as a unidirectional pump
How does exercise effect pulse rate?
causes an increase
Note
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