Circulatory system

What are the two functions of the circulatory system?

What are the two functions of the circulatory system?

Transportation (blood cells, food molecules, hormones, co2, urea) and protection against diseases

What are the components of the blood?

Red blood cells, White blood cells (lymphocyte and phagocyte), platelets and plasma

What red blood cells and what are the adaptions of the red blood cells?

1. Specialised cells adapted for oxygen transport

2. It contains haemoglobin which is rich in iron and oxygen joins to it, has a large bioncave cave shape which increases the surface area and there is no nucleus allowing more room for oxygen to be transported

What are white blood cells and what are the two types of white blood cells?

1. Defence against disease

2. lymphocyte and phagocyte

What is a lymphocyte?

It is a white blood cell that produces antibodies and causes microbes to clump together. It has one large nucleus

What is a phagocyte?

It is a type o white blood cell that engulf microbes in a process called phagocytosis. It has many small nuclei

What are platelets?

They convert fibrin into fibrinogen during blood clot when a cut is formed to produce a scab to prevent bleeding.

What is plasma?

Plasma is a straw coloured liquid which transports blood cells, food molecules, co2 and urea.

What is the order of the circulatory system? (people always have rennee rapp hair, very purple hair)

Pulmonary artery, aorta, hepatic portal vein, renal artery, renal vein, hepatic vein, vena cava, pulmonary vein, hepatic artery

What is the pulmonary artery and vein connected to?

The lungs

What is the hepatic vein/artery and the hepatic portal vein connected to?

The liver

What are the renal artery and vein connected to?

The kidney

Name the components of the heart

vena cava →right atrium →right ventricle →pulmonary artery

left ventricle →left atrium → pulmonary vein

What is the journey of blood through the body?

vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle →pulmonary artery →lungs → pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → rest of the body

What causes a heart attack?

Cholesterol build up

Causing narrow arteries

Causes blockages/blood clots

Glucose and oxygen cant get through to heart

heart muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen

What causes a stroke?

Blockage in arteries in brain

Reduced blood flow to brain

Cells are deprived of oxygen and glucose

Cells die due to no respiration

What are treatments for cardiovascular disease?

Angioplasty and stents or drugs

What is angioplasty and stents?

Angioplasty is a medical treatment where a ‘balloon’ widens and opens diseased arteries so that the mesh stents can be inserted into blood vessels

What drugs are used to treat cardiovascular disease?

Aspirins and stains are most commonly used to treat this

What do stains do?

These help reduce cholesterol, prevent blockage in the artery and allow blood to flow more easily

Describe the structure of arteries

1. Thickest wall

2. Highest blood pressure

3. No valves

4. Muscles and Elastic fibers present to smooth out blood flow

5. Relatively small lumen

Describe the structure of vein

1. thinner than artery

2. less muscle and elastic fibres

3. low blood pressure

4. valves present-prevent backflow of blood

5. relatively large lumen-prevent friction

Describe the structure of capillary

1. One cell thick allows exchange between blood and body cells

2. Low blood pressure

3. No valves present

4. Very small lumen diameter

What is an artery?

A blood vessel that carries blood under high pressure away from the heart (usually oxygenated blood)

What is a vein?

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart (usually deoxygenated) with valves that maintain the direction of flow

What is a capillary?

A very thin blood vessel through which the exchange of material between blood and cells takes place

What is double circulation?

The blood travels through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body

What are some effects of excercise?

1. Strengthens the heart muscle

2. Increases cardiac output even when not exercising

3. Increased muscle contraction requiring energy from respiration

4. Increased cardiac output and blood flow to muscles to supply glucose and oxygen

Why are ventricles thicker than the atria?

they are the chambers that pump the blood

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle?

pumps blood around the whole body-not just the lungs

What do valves work towards

1. Prevent backflow

2. Ensure the heart works as a unidirectional pump

How does exercise effect pulse rate?

causes an increase