ap English language vocab

situation dictates…

language

exigence

reason or what happens for the text to be written

subjects and messages change with…

time

formal diction

sticks to strict grammar rules

informal diction

more conversational and doesn't include traditional grammar

denotation

dictionary definition

connotation

depends on context

dialouge

2 people speaking

vernacular

writing the way people speak

jargon

slang; language of region or generation

euphemism

diction selection usually used to soften the language

idiom

sayings/phrases commonly known

cliché

overused

tone

feeling the author is trying to evoke in reader

imagery

picture in reader's mind

sarcasm

over or understate to poke fun

clause

subject + verb

parallelism

similar sentence and phrase structure for rhythm

periodic sentence

builds towards main idea

syntax

order of words in a sentence

irony

opposite of what you think will happen, happens

qualifier

word, term, or clause that modifies an idea or object, usually has to do with numbers where only one word is used

argument

a process of reasoned inquiry and rational discourse seeking common ground

claim

an assertion that states the argument's main idea or position

claims of fact

assert that something is true or not true

claims of value

argues that something is good/bad, valuable/unvaluable, desireable/undesireable

claims of policy

propose a change

evidence

support for a claim or argument

personal experience

evidence drawn from writer's own experience

personal observations

things seen, not experienced

testimony

an axpression of how the writer - or someone the writer is citing - feels about a personal experience or observation

ancedotes

evidence from stories about other people that the writer has either observed, been told about, or researched

analogies

evidence that compares two unrelated things to clarify

current events

evidence from what's happening locally, nationally, and globally

historical information

verifiable facts that a writer knows from research

expert opinion

evidence based on the knowledge of experts

quantitative evidence

includes things that can be measured or counted