Chapter 7 Skeletal System (multiple choice)

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

A) Digestion
B) Circulation
C) Support and movement
D) Respiration

C) Support and movement

Which type of bone marrow is responsible for blood cell production?

A) Yellow bone marrow
B) Red bone marrow
C) Compact bone
D) Spongy bone

B) Red bone marrow

What type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip, allowing for a wide range of motion?

A) Hinge joint
B) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Pivot joint
D) Gliding joint

B) Ball-and-socket joint

Which mineral is stored in bones and is essential for nerve and muscle function?

A) Potassium
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Sodium

B) Calcium

What hormone increases calcium absorption in bones?

A) Insulin
B) Calcitonin
C) Estrogen
D) Parathyroid hormone

B) Calcitonin

What is the process of blood cell formation called?

A) Hemolysis
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Ossification
D) Osteogenesis

B) Hematopoiesis

What is the name of the longest bone in the human body?

A) Tibia
B) Femur
C) Humerus
D) Radius

B) Femur

What is the main function of yellow bone marrow?

A) Blood cell production
B) Fat storage
C) Protection
D) Calcium absorption

B) Fat storage

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by breaking down bone?

A) Calcitonin
B) Insulin
C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) Growth hormone

C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What is the name of the soft connective tissue found inside bones?

A) Ligament
B) Tendon
C) Cartilage
D) Bone marrow

D) Bone marrow

What type of connective tissue connects bones to muscles?

A) Ligaments
B) Cartilage
C) Tendons
D) Joints

C) Tendons

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes

B) Osteoclasts

What is the function of articular cartilage?

A) Produces blood cells
B) Acts as a shock absorber at joints
C) Stores calcium
D) Forms the outer layer of bones

B) Acts as a shock absorber at joints

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of flat bones?

A) They contain diploe (spongy bone layer).
B) They are longer than they are wide.
C) They have two layers of compact bone.
D) They include bones like the sternum and ribs.

B) They are longer than they are wide.

The outer membrane covering a long bone, except at joint surfaces, is called:

A) Endosteum
B) Periosteum
C) Diploe
D) Articular cartilage

B) Periosteum

The epiphysis of a long bone contains mostly:

A) Compact bone
B) Cancellous (spongy) bone
C) Yellow bone marrow
D) Periosteum

B) Cancellous (spongy) bone

What is the function of the endosteum?

A) Protects the outer surface of the bone
B) Covers the joint surfaces
C) Lines the medullary cavity
D) Produces synovial fluid

The periosteum contains:

A) Blood vessels and nerves
B) Yellow marrow
C) Articular cartilage
D) Osteons

A) Blood vessels and nerves

The diaphysis is composed primarily of:

A) Spongy bone
B) Compact bone
C) Red marrow
D) Articular cartilage

B) Compact bone

What structure in bones allows for the attachment of tendons and ligaments?

A) Articular cartilage
B) Periosteum
C) Medullary cavity
D) Endosteum

B) Periosteum

What are the two major types of connective tissue found in bones?

A) Ligaments and tendons
B) Bone and cartilage
C) Osteons and chondrocytes
D) Periosteum and endosteum

B) Bone and cartilage

2. What is another term for spongy bone?

A) Osteon
B) Cancellous bone
C) Lamellar bone
D) Compact bone

B) Cancellous bone

The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called:

A) Trabecula
B) Osteon
C) Lacuna
D) Chondrocyte

B) Osteon

Compact bone is made up of cylindrical units called osteons (or Haversian systems)

What are the small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes reside?

A) Trabeculae
B) Lamellae
C) Lacunae
D) Canaliculi

C) Lacunae

The tiny passageways that connect lacunae in compact bone are called:

A) Osteons
B) Lamellae
C) Canaliculi
D) Perforating canals

C) Canaliculi

Canaliculi are small channels that allow nutrients to pass between osteocytes.

What type of bone contains trabeculae?

A) Compact bone
B) Spongy bone
C) Cartilage
D) Periosteum

B) Spongy bone

The concentric rings of calcified matrix in compact bone are called:

A) Trabeculae
B) Lamellae
C) Lacunae
D) Osteocytes

B) Lamellae

The central canal of an osteon contains:

A) Osteocytes
B) Red marrow
C) Blood vessels and nerves
D) Cartilage cells

C) Blood vessels and nerves

Which structures connect Haversian canals to each other?

A) Lamellae
B) Canaliculi
C) Trabeculae
D) Volkmann canals

D) Volkmann canals

What type of bone growth occurs by replacing cartilage with bone?

A) Intramembranous ossification
B) Endochondral ossification
C) Appositional growth
D) Osteoclastic remodeling

B) Endochondral ossification

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption (breaking down bone)?

A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteoclasts
D) Chondrocytes

C) Osteoclasts

Which cells build new bone matrix?

A) Osteocytes
B) Chondrocytes
C) Osteoblasts
D) Osteoclasts

C) Osteoblasts

13. What is the role of osteocytes?

A) They break down bone
B) They form cartilage
C) They maintain bone tissue
D) They produce collagen fibers

C) They maintain bone tissue

Which of the following does NOT describe cartilage?

A) It has a gel-like matrix
B) It is avascular (lacks blood vessels)
C) It rebuilds quickly after injury
D) It contains chondrocytes

C) It rebuilds quickly after injury

What are the cartilage cells located in lacunae called?

A) Osteocytes
B) Chondrocytes
C) Osteoblasts
D) Trabeculae

B) Chondrocytes

Which bone cell type helps regulate calcium levels in the blood?

A) Chondrocytes
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteoblasts
D) Osteoclasts

D) Osteoclasts

What happens when osteoblasts become trapped in the bone matrix?

A) They turn into osteocytes
B) They die off and are replaced
C) They break down bone tissue
D) They convert into chondrocytes

A) They turn into osteocytes

Where does the primary ossification center develop?

A) Epiphysis
B) Periosteum
C) Diaphysis
D) Medullary cavity

C) Diaphysis

The secondary ossification centers develop in the:

A) Diaphysis
B) Epiphyses
C) Periosteum
D) Medullary cavity

B) Epiphyses

What is the epiphyseal line?

A) A fracture site in long bones
B) A remnant of the epiphyseal plate after growth stops
C) A new area of ossification in adulthood
D) A layer of periosteum

B) A remnant of the epiphyseal plate after growth stops

Which bones form by intramembranous ossification?

A) Skull bones
B) Femur
C) Tibia
D) Humerus

A) Skull bones

Intramembranous ossification directly converts the mesenchymal tissue to bone and forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones

Which type of ossification replaces a fibrous membrane with bone?

A) Endochondral
B) Intramembranous
C) Osteoclastic
D) Trabecular

B) Intramembranous

What type of cells are responsible for forming bone matrix?

A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Osteocytes

B) Osteoblasts

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A) 80
B) 126
C) 100
D) 206

A) 80

How many bones are in the human skeleton?

A) 150
B) 180
C) 206
D) 250

C) 206

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A) 80
B) 126
C) 150
D) 206

B) 126

Which type of joint allows no movement?

A) Synarthrosis

B) Amphiarthrosis

C) Diarthrosis

D) Hinge joint

A) Synarthrosis

Which of the following joints allows slight movement?

A) Synarthrosis

B) Amphiarthrosis

C) Diarthrosis

D) Ball-and-socket joint

B) Amphiarthrosis

What is the primary characteristic of diarthroses joints?

A) No movement

B) Slight movement

C) Free movement

D) Moderate movement

C) Free movement

Which is an example of a synarthrotic joint?

A) Shoulder joint

B) Knee joint

C) Suture in the skull

D) Hip joint

C) Suture in the skull

What is the function of the synovial fluid in diarthrotic joints?

A) To provide nutrients to the bones

B) To lubricate and reduce friction

C) To prevent the joints from moving

D) To strengthen bones

B) To lubricate and reduce friction

What is the key feature of a condyloid joint?

A) Ball-shaped head

B) Elliptical socket

C) Hinge-like movement

D) Saddle-shaped articulation

B) Elliptical socket

What is the purpose of the articular cartilage in diarthrotic joints?

A) To absorb shock and reduce friction

B) To connect the bones

C) To stabilize the joint

D) To allow growth of new bone

A) To absorb shock and reduce friction