Octel rule

a chemical principle stating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration of eight valence electrons in their outermost shell, mimicking the electron configuration of noble gases.

octel rule

a chemical principle stating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration of eight valence electrons in their outermost shell, mimicking the electron configuration of noble gases.

cation

an atom or group of atoms that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive electrical charge

anion

an ion with a net negative charge, formed when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons

Metals

a list of metals ranked in order of their decreasing chemical reactivity, from most reactive to least reactive

non metals

a chemical element that is generally poor at conducting heat and electricity, is brittle, and tends to gain electrons in chemical reactions

iconic bond

a type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, which are created when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom

iconic compound

a chemical compound formed by the electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions)

example of an electron dot model

Oxygen(o)

crystal lattice

the ordered, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material

conductivity

the ability of a material to allow electrical charge or heat to flow through it

solubility

the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure to form a homogeneous solution

melting point

the specific temperature at which a solid substance transforms into a liquid state at a given pressure

convalent bonds

a chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically a full outer shell

molecule

the smallest unit of a chemical compound or an element that can exist independently, consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, typically covalent bonds

what are the three types of convlent bonds

single, double, and triple covalent bonds

rank the types of bonds in order from weakest to strongest

Van der Waals forces < Hydrogen bonds < Ionic bonds < Covalent bonds

polar covalent bond

forms when electrons are shared unequally between two atoms due to a difference in their electronegativity

nonpolar convalescent bond

a chemical bond in which atoms equally share electrons, resulting in a neutral molecule with no distinct positive or negative ends