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Natural hazard
Natural events that threaten lives, property, and other assets
Natural disasters
The very harmful impact on a society of community after a natural hazard event.
The crust
The outside layer of the Earth made of solid rock.
The mantle
The layer of the Earth which lies under the crust, made of molten or semi-molten rock called magma.
The core
Centre of the Earth made of iron and nickel. It is the hottest part of the Earth at 6000°C and can be divided into inner and outer core.
Continental plates
Plates with land on top.
Oceanic plates
Plates with ocean on top.
Plate boundary
The area where two plates meet.
Convection currents
The circular motion of magma in the mantle which causes the plates to move.
Plate tectonics
Study of plates and their movement.
Plate collision.
Plate which collide with each other and have destructive boundaries. Here the crust is destroyed.
Plates separation
Separating plates which have constructive boundaries. Here, new crust is created.
Sliding plates
Plates that slide past each other and have passive boundaries. Here, crust is neither created nor destroyed.
Earthquake
Sudden tremor or vibrations in the Earth’s crust.
Focus
Point beneath the surface where the earthquake happens.
Epicentre
Point on the surface directly above the focus where the tremors and vibrations are the strongest.
Seismic waves/Shockwaves
Vibrations caused from the Earth shaking.
Fault line
A crack in the ground caused when 2 plates slide past each other.
Plate movement
When two plates move past each other or collide with each other.
Hydrological hazards
Natural hazards associated with the occurrence, movement, and distribution of water.
Meteorological hazards
Natural hazards driven by meteorological processes, in particular those related to temperature and wind.
Geophysical hazards
Natural hazards which originate from internal earth processes
