Topic 6 Unit 1 - Digestion

Large food molecules need to be __________ into _________ ones

broken down smaller

Mouth = __________ digestion

mechanical

Salivary amylase begins ________ digestion of _________

chemical starch

____________: a wave of muscle contractions that push the bolus into the stomach

Peristalsis

Where does peristalsis occur

esophagus

In the stomach ______ kills bacteria at a PH of ___

Acid 2

In the stomach ______ begins digestion of ________

pepsin proteins

Bile from the liver and gallbladder __________ acids and ____________ fats

neutralizes emulsifies

Pancreatic amlayse and lipase digest _____________ and ______

carbohydrates fats

Trypsin digests ____________ to ____________

polypeptides amino acids

Another name for the small intestine

Duodenum

In the ileum the small intestine ___________ ___________ into the __________

absorbs nutrients blood

In the large intestine _______ is reclaimed and returned to the blood

water

During ____________ faeces is forced out of the anus

egestion

Enzymes ________________ large food molecules into smaller ones

break down

Enzymes ___________ the process of __________ by lowering the _______________________ for the reaction

speed up digestion activation energy

Enzymes work at ___________ temperature

body

Hydrolysis is the reaction used to _____________ large organic molecules

break down

____________: a globular protein that increases the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy threshold

Enzyme

Digestive enzymes are released into the ______ from _____ and are used in _________ reactions that break down larger molecules

gut glands catabolic

High temperature in enzymes could cause damage to ________ and _________

cells proteins

Salivary amylase breaks down _______ into _________

starch maltose

Pepsin breaks down _______________ into __________________

polypepptides amino acids

Pacreatic lipase breaks down _______________ into _________ and _____________

triglycerides fatty acids glycerol

Pancreatic juice containing enzymes is released into the upper region of the small intestine via the ________________

pancreatic duct

3 functions of the Mucosa: _______________

Secretion, absorption, protection

2 functions of Submucosa: ________________

Nutrition and protection

Function of the Muscular Layer: _________________

Perform peristalsis

Serosa is the ________________

protective outer layer

Function of the epithelial layer: _________________

Aid in the transportation of filtered material through active transport

Function of villi:

Increase the surface area for absorption

Lacteals (lymph vessels) allow for ___________ and transport of ___________

rapid absorption lipids

Capillaries close to the epithelium act as a short path for _________ and provide a rich supply of ____________

diffusion blood

____________ is the uptake of these molecules into the blood

Absorption

After absorption, molecules are carried to the tissues where they are __________ - taken in to be used

assimilation

Digested glucose is ___________ and then ___________ to various body tissues

absorbed transported