Apush Period 4 (1800-1848) and Period 5 (1848-1877)

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of territory from France in 1803 that doubled the size of the United States, providing land for westward expansion.

Marbury V.Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1803 that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh president of the United States, known for his policies of Indian removal and for founding the Democratic Party. He served from 1829 to 1837.

Indian Removal Act And trial of Tears

Legislation signed by Andrew Jackson in 1830 that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands, resulting in the Trail of Tears, where thousands suffered and died during the journey.

The war of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, primarily caused by trade restrictions and the impressment of American sailors. It resulted in increased national unity and a surge in American nationalism.

Missouri Compromises

An agreement passed in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state, maintaining the balance of power in Congress.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy articulated in 1823 that warned European nations against intervening in the affairs of the Americas, asserting that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization by European powers.

The Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic growth and industrialization in the United States during the early 19th century, characterized by the expansion of markets, the rise of factories, and innovations in transportation and communication.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was both justified and inevitable, promoting westward expansion in the 19th century.

Compromises of 1850

A series of legislative measures aimed at addressing the sectional tensions between free and slave states, including California's admission as a free state and the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act.

Kansas- Nebraska Act

A law passed in 1854 that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, allowing settlers to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery, leading to violent conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas."

Dred Scott V. Sanford

A landmark Supreme Court case from 1857 where the Court ruled that African Americans could not be American citizens and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.

Election of 1860

A pivotal presidential election in which Abraham Lincoln was elected as the first Republican president, leading to the secession of several Southern states and the onset of the Civil War.

Cause/effect of Civil War

The complex interplay of abolitionist movements, states' rights, and economic differences between the North and South created deep divisions, ultimately leading to the secession of Southern states and the outbreak of the Civil War.

13 amendment

A Constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, except as punishment for a crime.

14 amendment

A constitutional amendment that granted citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States and ensured equal protection under the law.

15 amendments

A constitutional amendment ratified in 1870 that granted African American men the right to vote, prohibiting denial based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws enacted in the Southern U.S. enforcing racial segregation and disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era.