animals summative

i am in hell

pacemaker location

pacemaker location

• right atrium

• Sinoatrial SA

• pumping rhythm

anemia

decrease in blood oxygen

shock

• cc system holds blood in “core” in order to conserve blood

• body is cold and clammy

leukemia

• cancer of white blood cells

hypertension

• high blood pressure

• may lead to amgina

atherosclerosis

• plaque blocks blood vessels

heart attack

severe angina, muscle cells dying on the heart

nitroglycerine

opens up blood vessels = greater blood flow

bypass surgery

replaces clogged blood vessels

angioplasty

opens up constricted blood vessels via balloon

stroke

brain damage caused by lack of oxygen

thrombosis

blood clot

embolism

floating blood clot

aneurysm

enlargement of artery with weakened artery wall

Total Lung Capacity:

maximum amount of air the lungs hold

Residual Lung Volume (RV):

-amount of air left in lungs always

Tidal Lung Volume (TV):

volume of air inhaled or exhaled per ordinary breath

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):

amount of extra inhalation possible after normal inhalation

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

-amount of extra exhalation possible after normal exhalation

Vital Capacity (VC):

• maximum inhalation or exhalation possible

• TV + IRV + ERV = VC

Reverse peristalsis

vomitting

Open circulation

• blood from the heart bathes the bodies vital organs in a large sinus

• old blood is drained and new blood enters

• common in insects

functions of blood

-carry nutrients

-O2, CO2

-equalize body temperature

-transport hormones

-transport antibodies

-helps clotting

-removes wastes

Arteriole

carry blood from arteries

Capillary

site of gas exchange

Venule

carry blood to veins

Veins

carry blood to the heart

Pulmonary system:

-carries blood from heart to lungs

Coronary system:

carries blood from left side of heart to heart muscles

Hepatic portal system

-carries blood from the heart to retrieve nutrients from intestines/stomach

Renal system:

carries blood from the left side of the heart to the kidney to remove wastes

Systemic:

-carries blood to rest of body

External Respiration:

-oxygen is moved into blood in alveoli, and carbon dioxide is moved into alveoli

Internal Respiration:

oxygen in the blood is passed into cells, while carbon dioxide in cells is moved into blood

Cellular Respiration

-mitochondria in cells use oxygen and sugar in order to make ATP (useful energy)

Inhalation/Inspiration:

-ribs pulled up and out by intercostal muscles, and diaphragm moves down

Peristalsis

involuntary muscle contractions which moves food one direction through the alimentary canal

Mumps

• Sore cheeks, muscle pain

• MMR Vaccine

Peptic Ulcer

• hole in stomach caused by bacteria

• vomit blood

• antibiotics/antiacids - makes stomach acid less acidic

Heartburn

• stomach acid backs up into the esophagus near heart so you feel it

• burning

• antacids

cirrhosis

• alcohol, virus, or genetic condition

• liver w/ acne

• jaundice, weakness

• transplant

• ****NOT CONTAGIOUS

hepatitis

• Liver disorder

• Infectious

• Jaundice, weakness

• Vaccine

Gall stones

• Bile salt form stones and block cystic duct

• Pain

• removal

Crohn’s Disease

• Environmental, genetic factors

• INFLAMMED COLON***

• pain, diarrhea

• no cure, steroids

Colitis

• Autoimmune

• Bacteria

• Irritated, Pain, Diarrhea

• No cure, surgery

Appendicitis

• inflammation of the appendix

• pain

• antibiotics, surgery

Diarrhea

• Poor water absorb

• water in feces

• antibiotics, fluids

plamsa

• yellow

• fatty acids, vitamins, glucose

asthma

• allergy or infection

• bronchiles narrow

• tight chest

• difficulty breathing

• bronchi dilator (from inhaler)

Inhalation

• diaphragm: contracts, moves down

• rib cage: up and out, intercostal muscles contract

• chest cavity: increases

• pressure in chest cavity: decreases

• direction of air: into lungs

Exhalation

• diaphragm: moves up, relaxes

• rib cage: down and in, intercostal muscles relax

• chest cavity: decreases

• pressure in chest cavity: increases

• direction of air: out of lungs

cystic fibrosis

• mucus blocks airway

• autosomal recessive

• lung infections

• antibiotics, physiotherapy

influenza

• viral infection

• runny nose, cough, sore throat

• bedrest, headache pills

pneumonia

• mucus buildup

• chills, fever, cough

• rest, antibiotics

pleurisy

• inflammation of pleura

• painful, difficult breathing

• pain pills

• tape ribs

anaphylactic shock

• severe allergic reaction to substance

• muscles in bronchioles swell

• epi-pen