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What was established in the 1954 decision by the Court in Brown v. Board of Education?
The Jim Crow Laws
Segregation was deemed unconstitutional
The Separate but Equal Clause
The Black Codes
Which test is used by courts and judges to see if a government action or law holds a compelling or important interest for society, determining equal protection?
Substantial Relationship Test
Strict-Scrutiny Test
The Rational Basis Test
The Endorsement Test
Strict-Scrutiny Test
Which test is used by the courts to determine equal protection, and holds that there must be a close connection between the law or government action and purpose?
Substantial Relationship Test
Strict-Scrutiny Test
The Rational Basis Test
The Endorsement Test
Substantial Relationship Test
What did Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit?
The government from passing or enforcing laws that discriminate against women
Discrimination in employment based on race, but also national origin, color, sex, and religion
Same-sex marriages
Gender discrimination in any educational program or activity that is federally funded
Discrimination in employment based on race, but also national origin, color, sex, and religion
What outcome did the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Barron v. Baltimore have on the Bill of Rights?
The Bill of Rights was only applied to the federal government
It extended First Amendment rights to the states
The Bill of Rights were added to the Constitution
The Bill of Rights was incorporated to include the states
The Bill of Rights was only applied to the federal government
What does the privileges and immunities clause establish?
No state can discriminate against citizens from another state
Citizens are not guaranteed out of state equality
States are able to discriminate against citizens from another state
It is unconstitutional to tax businesses owned by non-residents at a higher rate.
No state can discriminate against citizens from another state
What legislative act holds an individual criminally responsible without a trial?
Bill of Attainder
Treason
Ex-post Facto
Habeas Corpus
Bill of the Attainder
What must be filed by the individual requesting the warrant before issuing the warrant?
Warrant Request
Court Order
Petition for Certiorari
Affidavit
Affidavit
Which clause protects the right to worship what you choose?
The Establishment Clause
The Free Exercise Clause
The Free Exercise Clause
What test can be used instead of the clear and present danger test which grants speakers greater protection under the U.S. Constitution?
Endorsement Test
Lemon Test
Balancing Test
Incitement Test
Incitement Test
Is obscenity protected by the First Amendment?
No
Yes
Sometimes
No
What did Congress pass requiring federal agencies to share their files with the public?
The Patriot Act
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
Shield Laws
Public Information Act (PIA)
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
The majority of cases dealing with discrimination are put to which test?
Strict-Scrutiny Test
Substantial Relationship Test
The Endorsement Test
The Rational Basis Test
The Rational Basis Test
What guideline do courts use to help determine whether or not evidence obtained is admissible?
Probable Cause
Preemptive Searches
Exclusionary Rule
Origination Rule
Exclusionary Rule
What was established by the Supreme Court's decision in Lemon v. Kurtzman in 1971?
A three part test to determine establishment of religion
A two part test to determine obscenity
Prohibited prayer in public schools
A three part test to determine obscenity
A three part test to determine establishment of religion
Which clause makes it illegal to establish a state religion, pass laws helping religions, and favor one religion over another?
The Establishment Clause
The Free Exercise Clause
The Establishment Clause
The 1868 adoption of the 14th Amendment led first to:
Incorporation
Desegregation
Selective Incorporation
Separate but Equal
Selective Incorporation
What U.S. Supreme Court decision refused to incorporate the 14th Amendment into state law?
Gitlow v. New York
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Slaughterhouse Cases
Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad v. Chicago
The Slaughterhouse Cases
How is Substantive due process different from Procedural due process?
Procedural due process guarantees that individuals have access to legal representation, while substantive due process ensures that the laws are enforced consistently.
Procedural due process focuses on the fairness of the procedures used in a legal proceeding, while substantive due process concerns the content and substance of the laws themselves.
Procedural due process applies to criminal cases, while substantive due process applies to civil cases.
Procedural due process protects the rights of individuals against arbitrary government actions, while substantive due process ensures that laws are clear and concise
Procedural due process focuses on the fairness of the procedures used in a legal proceeding, while substantive due process concerns the content and substance of the laws themselves.
The Supreme Court's decisions in both Gideon v. Wainwright and Escobedo v. Illinois established that:
A person must be informed of their rights before any confession they might give is admissible in court
An accused has an undeniable right to counsel
A person cannot be tried twice for the same crime
Any evidence obtained in an illegal search is inadmissible in court
An accused has an undeniable right to counsel
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