APCOGO Ch 1 Vocab

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Causation

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18 Terms

1

Causation

When a change in one variable precipitates a change in another variable

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2

Correlation

An apparent connection between variables

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3

Empirical statement

An assertion of a fact that can be proven

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4

Normative statement

A value judgement, usually in the form of should or ought to

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5

Quantitative data

Observations made using statistical techniques

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6

Qualitative data

Text-based descriptions

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7

Human Development Index (HDI)

An aggregate measure of life expectancy, education, and per capita income

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8

Gross domestic product (GDP)

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year

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9

GDP per capita

Gross domestic product divided by population

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10

GDP growth rate

The percentage of GDP growth over a period of time

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11

Gini index (coefficient)

A measure of income inequality within a country

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12

Freedom House

A nongovernmental organization that advocates for democracy and human rights, measuring freedom around the world

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13

Democratic consolidation

The process by which a regime has developed stable democratic institutions and significant protections of civil liberties, leaving it unlikely to return to authoritarianism

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14

Corruption

The abuse of official power for personal gain

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15

Corruption Perceptions Index

A measure of how corrupt a system is believed to be

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16

Strong state

A state that is capable of providing necessary government services to its citizens

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17

Failed state

A state that has lost control over all or part of its territory

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18

Fragile State Index

A measure of state strength, highlighting concerns about fragile and failed states

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