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Organic compounds
Compounds that have carbon covalently bonded with either hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen.
covalent bond
bond where atoms share electrons made between 2+ nonmetals
4
carbon atoms have __ valence electrons
hydrocarbon
A compound with carbon and hydrogen bonded. There are no other types of atoms, just carbon and hydrogen
saturated
when there is a compound with at least 1 single bond between carbons that is bonded to the max # of hydrogens and no double or triple bonds it is called:
unsaturated
when a compound contains carbons bonded with a double or triple bond it is called:
alkanes
hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms are called
alkenes
hydrocarbons that contain double bonds between carbon atoms are called
alkynes
hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds between carbon atoms are called
meth
the prefix for 1 carbon in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
eth
the prefix for 2 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
prop
the prefix for 3 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
but
the prefix for 4 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
pent
the prefix for 5 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
hex
the prefix for 6 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
hept
the prefix for 7 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
oct
the prefix for 8 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
non
the prefix for 9 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
dec
the prefix for 10 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)
weak
reactivity of alkanes
mild
reactivity of alkenes
strong
reactivity of alkynes
amine
a functional group defined by having nitrogen single bonded with helium at the end of the molecule.
aldehyde
a functional group defined by having a double bonded oxygen at the end of the chain
carboxylic acid
a functional group defined by having a double bonded oxygen and a single bonded O-H (oxygen covalent bonded with hydrogen, also called OH) at the ends of the chain
alcohol
a functional group defined by having O-H (oxygen covalent bonded with hydrogen, also called OH) at the end of the chain
ketone
a functional group defined by having a double bonded oxygen in the middle of the chain
ester
a functional group defined by having one double bonded oxygen and one single bonded oxygen
ether
a functional group defined by having a single oxygen as the central atom