4.1 quiz: Organic chemistry

Organic compounds

Compounds that have carbon covalently bonded with either hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen.

covalent bond

bond where atoms share electrons made between 2+ nonmetals

4

carbon atoms have __ valence electrons

hydrocarbon

A compound with carbon and hydrogen bonded. There are no other types of atoms, just carbon and hydrogen

saturated

when there is a compound with at least 1 single bond between carbons that is bonded to the max # of hydrogens and no double or triple bonds it is called:

unsaturated

when a compound contains carbons bonded with a double or triple bond it is called:

alkanes

hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms are called

alkenes

hydrocarbons that contain double bonds between carbon atoms are called

alkynes

hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds between carbon atoms are called

meth

the prefix for 1 carbon in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

eth

the prefix for 2 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

prop

the prefix for 3 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

but

the prefix for 4 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

pent

the prefix for 5 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

hex

the prefix for 6 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

hept

the prefix for 7 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

oct

the prefix for 8 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

non

the prefix for 9 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

dec

the prefix for 10 carbons in a hydrocarbon chain (used to describe the number of carbons in a hydrocarbon)

weak

reactivity of alkanes

mild

reactivity of alkenes

strong

reactivity of alkynes

amine

a functional group defined by having nitrogen single bonded with helium at the end of the molecule.

aldehyde

a functional group defined by having a double bonded oxygen at the end of the chain

carboxylic acid

a functional group defined by having a double bonded oxygen and a single bonded O-H (oxygen covalent bonded with hydrogen, also called OH) at the ends of the chain

alcohol

a functional group defined by having O-H (oxygen covalent bonded with hydrogen, also called OH) at the end of the chain

ketone

a functional group defined by having a double bonded oxygen in the middle of the chain

ester

a functional group defined by having one double bonded oxygen and one single bonded oxygen

ether

a functional group defined by having a single oxygen as the central atom