Cultural Geography Chapter 10--South America

Amazon Rainforest

one of South America’s greatest resources

What two South American nations border the Caribbean sea

Colombia and Venezuela

The Western Cordillera becomes the _____ when it extends into South America

Andes

tierra templada

temperate land

peninsulares

rulers from Spain

criollos

subjects born in Spain

Creoles

subjects born in America

Creoles revolted, led by

Simon Bolivar

Bolivar was born in

Caracas, Venezuela

Bolivar was inspired by

the French Revolution

What countries did Bolivar liberate from the Spanish

Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador

Which country has the only geographic tie to North America/Middle America

Colombia

Colombia has coasts on which two bodies of water

the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

One-fifth of Colombians live in

the Colombian lowlands

Most Colombians live in

the Andes Mountain valleys

What three mountain ranges do the Andes split into

Cordillera Occidental, Cordillera Central, Cordillera Oriental

Cordillera Occidental lies in the

west

Which mountain range is the lowest of the three

Cordillera Occidental

Capital of Colombia

Bogota

turgurios

large slums

what is the Llanos

large broad grassy plains covering 60% of Colombia

What is the capital of Venezuela

Caracas

Venezuelan culture is

heavily influenced by other cultures

Lake Maracaibo

the largest lake in South America

Bolivar Peak is in

Venezuela

Orinoco River

the third longest South American river in Venezuela

The Orinoco and the Amazon are separated by

the Guiana Highlands

Countries in the Guiana Highlands

Guyana, Suriname, Guiana

Guyana, unlike most of the other countries, was colonized by

the British

tepuis

huge, block-shaped mountains

Mount Roraima

the highest tepui

Suriname was originally called

Dutch Guiana

Guiana was formerly called

French Guiana

The most famous place in Guiana is

Devil’s Island

True or false: the Andes form the longest mountain range in the world

true

how long are the Andes

4500 miles long

Ecuador means

equator

What is Ecuador’s tallest peak

Mount Cotopaxi

Capital of Ecuador

Quito

What was discovered in the Amazon Rainforest in 1967

oil

What is the largest of the Andean nations

Peru

What mountain range is in Peru

Cordillera Blanca (White Range)

What canyon has twice the depth as the Grand Canyon

Colca Canyon

What is South America’s second deepest canyon?

the Apurimac

What does “Incas” mean

“the children of the sun”

What did the Incas invent

quipu

What is quipu?

a code using strings of llama wool knotted together on a rope

What was the sacred Inca capital

Cusco

What was the streets of Cusco laid out to look like?

a puma

Who arrived in 1531 and conquered the Incas?

Francisco Pizarro

Who discovered Machu Piccu?

Hiram Bingham

What language do the Inca speak?

Quechua

What current keeps the air of the western side of the Andes cold and dry?

The Peru/Humboldt Current

Lima

the capital of Peru and the headquarters of Pizarro

Which country is completely landlocked

Bolivia

Because it is landlocked, Bolivia is also known as

the Tibet of South America

What country offered Bolivia access to the sea?

Chile

What two countries are divided by the Andes?

Chile and Argentina

Where do most Bolivians live?

on the Altiplano

what does Altiplano mean

high plain

Where is Lake Titicaca

right between Peru and Bolivia

what is the second largest lake in South America

Lake Titicaca

Yungas

the rugged region east of the Andes

Where is the Amazon Basin

at the base of the Yungas

What significant region covers the northern 1200 miles of Chile

Atacama Desert

what marks the southern edge of the Atacama Desert

the Aconcaqua River

What is the capital of Chile

Santiago

who was voted into the office of president in 1970 and ruined the economy of Chile

Salvador Allende

who ruled Chile with an iron fist for two decades

Augusto Pinochet

what does Tierra del Fuego mean

Land of the Fire

why is Tierra del Fuego named that

because settlers saw the campfires of the natives

What separates Cape Horn from Antarctica

Drake Passage

circumnavigate

journey around

what was the center of Spanish settlement in the east

Rio de la Plata

estuary

ocean inlet

what two rivers flow into the Rio de la Plata

the Parano and Uruguay rivers

What three countries use the Parano and Uruguay rivers

Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay

What is the eight largest country in the world

Argentina

Who was the liberator of Argentina, Chile, and helper of Simon Bolivar?

Jose de San Martin

caudillo

strong man

who was the most famous caudillo

Juan Peroz

The low plains of Argentina around the Rio de la Plata are known as the

Pampas

half of the people of the Pampas live where

in Buenos Aires

Where is Patagonia

south of the Andes

what does Patagonia mean

big feet

where is Gran Chaco

west of the Parana River

what does quebracho mean

ax-breaker

what is the capital of Uruguay

Montevideo

what is the capital of Paraguay

Ascuncion

What language do most Paraguayans speak

Guarani

What is Paraguay’s one advantage over Bolivia

the Parana River

what is the fifth largest nation in the world and the fifth most populous

Brazil

What is the first colony and the oldest city in Brazil

Sao Vicente

who declared independence for Brazil and became its king

Dom Pedro

what was the original capital city of Brazil

Rio

what are the Brazilian Highlands

a rugged plateau that dominates the east side of South America

What is the steep wall-like slope of the Brazilian Highlands known as

the Great Escarpment

what is Brasilia

the new capital city of Brazil

when was Brasilia built

in 1956

What kind of terrain does the Mato Grosso Plateau have

swampy