modern dental assisting chapter 6 general anatomy

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

anatomy is the study of the shape and structure of the human body. Physiology is sthe study of the functions of the human body

What three imaginary lines are used to divide the body into sections?

Midsagittal plane, horizontal plane, and frontal plane

What portion of the cell carries genetic material?

nucleus

What are the four types of tissue in the human body?

epithelial, connective, muscle, adn nerve tissues

What are the four organizational levels of the human body, from simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, systems

What are the two major body cavities?

dorsal and ventral

Which components make up the axial and appendicular regions of the human body?

head, neck, trunk, arms, and legs.

Contains the stomach, liver, galbladder, spleen, and most of the intestines.

abdominal cavity

Part of the ventral cavity that contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

abdominaopelvic cavity

The body standing erect with face forward, feet together, arms hanging at the sides, and palms forward.

Anatomical position

Study of the shape and structure of the human body.

Anatomy

Toward the front

Anterior

Pertaining to the body region that consists of the arms and legs.

appendicular

Referring to the body region that compromises the head, neck, and trunk.

Axial

The major support material of the body.

connective tissue

Space that houses the brain

cranial cavity

gel-like fluid inside the cell.

cytoplasm

Term for the specializtion function of cells.

differentiation

Farther away from the trunk of the body; opposite of proximal.

distal

Cavity located in the back of the body.

Dorsal cavity

type of tissue that forms the covering of all body surfaces.

Epithelial tisse

Vertical plane that divides the bod into anterior and posterior portions.

Frontal plane

Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Horizontal plane

Toward or nearer to the midline of the body.

Medial

imaginary line that divides the patient into equal right and left halves.

midsagittal plane

tissue with the ability to lengthen or shorten to provide movement to body parts

muscle tissue

The federal governments lead agency for scientific research on oral, dental, and craniofacial disease

national institute of Dental and craniofacial research (NIDCR)

Responsible for coordinating and controlling body activites

nerve tissue

"control center" of the cell.

nucleus

Specialized part of a cell that performs a specific function

Organelle

Pertaining to the walls of a body cavity

Parietal

contains portions of the large and small intestines, the rectum, the urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Pelvic cavity

Study of the functions of the human body

Physiology

3 imaginary lines used to divide the body into sections.

Planes

toward the back

posterior

closer to the trunk of the body; the opposite of distal

proximal

Process of creating living, functional tissues to repair or replace tissue or organ function through the use of stem cells

Regenerative medicine

any vertical plane parallel to the midline that divides the body into unequal right and left halves

sagittal plane

Space in the body that contains the spinal cord.

Spinal cavity

Immature, unspecialized cells capable of replication and differentiation into other types of cells or tissues

Stem cell

above another portion or closer to the head.

superior

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

Thoracic cavity

Cavity located at the front of the body

Ventral cavity

Pertaining to internal organs or the covering of those organs.

visceral

means toward the front

anterior

divides the body vertically into right and left portions

sagittal plane

What is anatomy the study of?

shape and structure

means above another part

superior

How long can nerve cells live?

100 years

What does the appendicular region of the body consist of?

limbs

Which body cavity contains the stomach, liver, galbladder, spleen, and most of the intestines?

abdominal

farther away from the trunk of the body

distal

What is the bodys major support material?

connective tissue

What is cytoplasm?

gel-like fluid inside the cell

several types of tissues that group together to perform a single function

organs

which type of tissue secretes digestive juices, hormones, milk, perspiration, and mucus?

epithelial

another name for midsagittal plane

midline plane

Another name for horizontal plane

transverse plane

front

anterior

posterior

back

the basic structure of the human body; able to react to stimuli, grow, reproduce,

cells

What are the two types of stem cells?

embryonic and adult

What are some functions of the cell membrane?

form, interact, assimilation, and elimination

What does cytoplasm contain?

organelles

cytoplasm is ____________

2/3 of body water

Hoe can you describe a nucleus?

contains dna and rna, control center

DNA and RNA

genetic info

muscle tissue is __________ and _________________

voluntary and involuntary

What are some functions of the epithelial tissue?

covers internal and external surfaces, provides protection, provides secretions, regulates passage over them.

What are some functions of the connective tissues?

major support for body, fat tendons, ligaments, bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph

What are some indications for muscle tissue?

voluntary and involuntary, striated, smooth, cardiac

Where can nerve tissue be found?

brain spinal cord, and nerves

What are some functions of nerve tissue?

communicates through electrical impulses, carries messages to and from brain, reactive to environment,

What do organs form?

body systems

Group of organs working together to perform a major function.

body systems

How many major body systems are there?

10

The main body cavity. located in the back of the body in one continuous space.

dorsal cavity

What are the two cavities contained in the dorsal cavity?

cranial and spinal cavity

what are the two cavities contained in the ventral cavity

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

What are the two body regions?

axial and appendicular

What does the axial body region contain?

head, neck, and trunk

What does the appendicular body region contain?

arms and legs

What is the imaginary line that divides the body into upper and lower portions?

horizontal

body tissues that bind and support other tissues

connective

The federal government's lead agency for scientific research on oral, dental, and craniofacial disease

NIDCR

structure affects ______

function

function affects _______

structure

Where does the word anatomy come from?

the Greek words ana and tome

What is the meaning of the greek words that the word anatomy comes from?

cut-up

When the human body is describe it is assumed that the body is in what position?

anatomical position

superior

upper

inferior

lower

another name for frontal plane

coronal plane

every cell has what capabilities?

to react to stimuli and transform nutrients into energy, to grow, and to reproduce

Where can stem cells be found?

different organs and tissues in the human body at all stages of life

Where do embryonic stem cells come from?

embryos that develop from eggs and have been fertilized in a test tube and then used for research purposes.

Where can adult stem cells be found?

in tissues of both adults and children

Each cell has a thin ____________ that surrounds it.

membrane

protects the cell ad acts as filter

cell membrane

a watery gel in which the cell structures are suspended

cytoplasm