Questions CHO4-hmw

Define organic chemistry

the study of the structure and function of molecules originating from living organisms

Please define the term functional group to members of the jury

A functional group is the small part of a molecule that controls how it behaves. It’s the one piece that decides what the molecule can do, how it reacts and what kind of chemical it is. If two molecules have the same functional group, they tend to act the same way, even if the rest of the molecule looks different. It’s like two people wearing the same uniform, they’ll be treated similarly even if they look different otherwise.

Name the first ten alkanes with their chemical formulas

• methane (CH₄)

• ethane (C₂H₆)

• propane (C₃H₈)

• butane (C₄H₁₀)

• pentane (C₅H₁₂)

• hexane (C₆H₁₄)

• heptane (C₇H₁₆)

• octane (C₈H₁₈)

• nonane (C₉H₂₀)

• decane (C₁₀H₂₂)

Name the first four alkenes

• ethene (C₂H₄)

• propene (C₃H₆)

• butene (C₄H₈)

• pentene (C₅H₁₀)

Explain why acetylene is not a member of the alkene class

Acetylene isn’t an alkene because it has a triple bond instead of the double bond required for alkene classification.

Define aromatic character

Aromatic character is the unusual stability of a planar, conjugated ring that contains 4n + 2 delocalized π‑electrons.

Discuss alcohol solubility in water

Alcohols dissolve in water because their –OH group forms hydrogen bonds, but solubility decreases as the nonpolar carbon chain grows, unless branching makes the molecule more compact.

Why is acetone the smallest member of the ketone class?

Acetone is the smallest ketone because it contains the minimum number of carbons needed to place a carbonyl group between two carbon atoms.

Classify the following amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary

• amphetamine

• 3,4-methylenedioxamphetamine

• PCP

• Cocaine

• Ketamine

• Ephedrine

(a) primary

(b) primary

(c) secondary

(d) tertiary

(e) secondary

(f) secondary

Identify all functional groups in the following:

• Heroine

• LSD

• Ephedrine

• Cocaine

• PCP

• aromatic ring, tertiary amine, ether, ester

• aromatic ring, alkene, tertiary alcohol, tertiary amine, tertiary amide

• amine, alcohol, aromatic ring

• ester, amine, aromatic ring

• amine, aromatic ring, cyclohexane, heterocycle