Chapter 28: Rebellion and Reaction, 1960s and 1970s

What organization was founded by students in 1960 to express disillusionment with consumer culture?

Students for a Democratic Society

What was the Port Huron Statement?

A manifesto expressing students' disillusionment with consumer culture and the gap between rich and poor.

What movement was formed in response to the ban on student political activity at UC Berkeley in 1964?

The Free Speech Movement was formed in response to the ban on student political activity at UC Berkeley in 1964

What music genre did young Americans embrace during the 1960s, moving away from their parents' music?

Young Americans embraced folk music and later Rock N Roll in the 1960s

What was the significance of Haight Ashbury in 1967?

Haight Ashbury became a center for the hippie movement and the Summer of Love.

What major event occurred in August 1969, attracting over 400,000 people?

Woodstock music festival occurred in August 1969 and attracted 400,000 people

What was the main goal of the National Organization for Women (NOW) founded in 1966?

The main goal of the National Organization for Women (NOW) was to bring women into full participation in American society.

What did the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) aim to achieve?

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) aimed to achieve equality of rights under the law shall not be denied based on sex.

Who was Phyllis Schlafly and what was her role regarding the ERA?

She led the STOP ERA movement, opposing the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

What landmark Supreme Court case in 1973 established a woman's right to choose an abortion?

Roe v. Wade established a woman's right to choose an abortion

What was the impact of the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960?

The introduction of the birth control pill in 1960 gave women unprecedented control over reproduction.

What was George Wallace's stance during his independent presidential campaign?

George Wallace's stance during his independent presidential campaign focused on massive resistance to school integration and segregation.

What did Richard Nixon refer to as the 'Silent Majority'?

Richard Nixon referred to the non-shouting, non-demonstrating majority of Americans as the "Silent Majority."

What event in 1973 led to an oil embargo by OPEC against the United States?

The Yom Kippur War led to an oil embargo by OPEC against the United States

What environmental milestone occurred on April 22, 1970?

The first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970.

What incident at Three Mile Island in 1979 raised concerns about nuclear power?

A reactor core nearly melted down, leading to a public health crisis.

What event in 1968 severely damaged public support for the Vietnam War?

The My Lai Massacre severely damaged public support for the Vietnam War

What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Accords signed in 1973?

To end American combat involvement in Vietnam.

New Left

A term coined by the Students for a Democratic Society to distinguish their efforts at grassroots democracy from those of the 1930s Old Left, which had embraced orthodox Marxism and admired the Soviet Union under Stalin.

What was the youth rebellion of the 1960s against mainstream institutions called?

Counterculture

What did the counterculture of the 1960s primarily focus on?

Counterculture focused on cultural radicalism

Was the counterculture of the 1960s more focused on political activism or cultural radicalism?

Counterculture was more focused on cultural radicalism than political activism

What book sparked the women's movement in 1963?

The Feminine Mystique sparked the women's movement

Who wrote The Feminine Mystique?

Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique

What did The Feminine Mystique argue for?

The Feminine Mystique argued for equal rights for women

What societal concept did the women's movement fight against?

The women's movement fought against the cult of domesticity

What roles were women limited to by the cult of domesticity?

Women were limited to the roles of Wife, mother, and homemaker by the cult of domesticity

Roe v. Wade (1973)

The landmark Supreme Court decision striking down state laws that banned abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy.

United Farm Workers (UFW)

An organization formed in 1962 to represent the interests of Mexican American migrant workers.

What is Red Power?

Red Power is activism by militant Indigenous American groups.

What do Red Power activists protest?

Red Power activists protested living conditions on reservations.

What methods do Red Power activists use to protest?

Red Power activists used demonstrations, legal action, and at times, violence.

Stonewall Uprising (1969)

Violent clashes between police and gay patrons of New York City's Stonewall Inn, seen as the starting point of the modern gay rights movement.

What is affirmative action?

Affirmative Action is programs designed to give preferential treatment to women and people of color.

What is the purpose of affirmative action?

The purpose of affirmative action was to compensate for past injustices and to counterbalance systemic inequalities.

What is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

A federal environmental agency.

Who created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

The EPA was created by President Nixon.

Why was the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created?

The EPA was created to appease the demands of congressional Democrats for a federal environmental watchdog agency.

What is stagflation?

Stagflation was used to describe an unprecedented situation of stagnant economic growth and consumer price inflation occurring at the same time.

During which presidency was the term 'stagflation' coined?

"Stagflation" was coined during the Nixon presidency

What is Vietnamization?

Vietnamization was the Nixon-era policy of equipping and training South Vietnamese forces.

What was the goal of Vietnamization?

The goal of Vietnamization was to have South Vietnamese forces take over the burden of combat from U.S. troops.

What is détente?

Détente was a period of improving relations between the United States and Communist nations.

Which countries were primarily involved in détente during the Nixon administration?

China and the Soviet Union were primarily involved in détente

During which U.S. administration did détente occur?

Détente occurred during the Nixon administration.

What is the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)?

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was an agreement signed in 1972.

Who signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)?

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was signed by President Nixon and Premier Leonid Brezhnev.

What did the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) prohibit?

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) prohibited the development of missile defense systems in the United States and the Soviet Union.

What did the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) limit?

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) limited the quantity of nuclear warheads for both the United States and the Soviet Union.

What was the Watergate scandal?

The Watergate scandal was one that exposed the criminality and corruption of the Nixon administration.

What event did the Watergate scandal ultimately lead to?

President Nixon's resignation in 1974.

When did Watergate occur?

Watergate occurred 1972-1974

What is the War Powers Act?

The War Powers Act was legislation enacted in 1973.

What does the War Powers Act require the president to do within forty-eight hours?

The War Powers Act requires the President to inform Congress of the deployment of U.S. troops abroad.

What is the time frame for troop withdrawal under the War Powers Act without Congressional approval?

The time of refence for troop withdraw is sixty days.

What must happen for U.S. troops to remain deployed beyond sixty days according to the War Powers Act?

For troops to remain deployed, Congress must approve their continued deployment.