AP World History Review - Units 1-5

AP World History Units 1-5 Flashcards

What is Confucianism?

Philosophical understanding of the world based on hierarchy that provided order and stability in Song China.

What is the Imperial Bureaucracy?

Appointed officials who carried out the empire's policies and helped consolidate power in the Song Dynasty.

What is Chan Buddhism?

Chinese innovation that melded Buddhism with Daoism, spreading to neighboring regions.

What is Champa Rice?

Rice from Vietnam that allowed for multiple harvests per year, increasing food production in Song China.

What is the Grand Canal?

Internal waterway that acted as a transportation system, enabling China to become a major trading center.

What is the Delhi Sultanate?

Turkic Islamic state in northern India, differing from the Abbasids in ethnicity.

What is the Mamluk Sultanate?

Sultanate in Egypt and the Levant, another example of Turkic Islamic rule.

What is Dar al-Islam?

Cultural region formed by various Islamic states.

What are Algebra and Trigonometry?

Muslims invented these mathematical concepts.

What is the Jizya?

Tax imposed on Hindus by the Delhi Sultanate.

What is the Vijayanagara Empire?

Hindu Kingdom established by two brothers in southern India.

What is the Srivijaya Empire?

Hindu empire that prospered by taxing ships in Southeast Asia.

What is the Majapahit Kingdom?

Buddhist kingdom that also prospered by controlling sea routes in Southeast Asia.

What is Tenochtitlan?

Capital city of the Aztec Empire, known for its ziggurats and marketplaces.

What is the tribute system?

System used by the Aztecs to exercise political dominance over distant lands by extracting payments from conquered peoples.

What is Great Zimbabwe?

City in Africa that prospered because of trade and rich deposits of gold.

What is Swahili?

Language that blended Bantu and Arabic, facilitating trade in East Africa.

What is Ethiopia?

Christian kingdom in Africa known for its monumental architecture.

What is the Roman Catholic Church?

Cultural institution that provided both universities and artists during state-building in Europe.

What is Feudalism?

System that organized society in Europe, with kings granting land to lords in exchange for tribute.

What is the manorial system?

System where the manor contained the whole village, and peasants' lives were tied to the land.

What is the three-field system?

System of rotating crops through three fields, increasing food production in Europe.

What are the Silk Roads?

Trade routes where luxury goods, like silk, were traded.

What are Kashgar and Samarkand?

Cities that grew due to their strategic location along the SilkRoads

What are caravanserai?

Inns and guest houses along the Silk Road that facilitated trade.

What is the Indian Ocean network?

Trade network significant until around 1500 CE.

What Technological innovations encouraged Indian Ocean trade?

Sails, magnetic compasses and astrolabes

What are examples of growth within the Indian Ocean trade network at strategic sites?

Swahili city-states and Sultanate of Malacca

example of cultural and technological transfers within the Indian Ocean Trade?

Voyages of Zheng He

What is Trans-Saharan trade?

Trade across Northern Africa and the Mediterranean with western Africa

What impact did the introduction of Arabian camels and saddles have on trade?

Technology that further increased interregional trade and expanded the geographical range of the existing trade routes

What impact did the Empire of Mali have on Trade?

Empire brought on by trade, and that influenced the growth of trade

What is diaspora?

A settlement created by people living apart from their homeland.

Who was Ibn Battuta?

Emphasized travels and travelers because of the interconnectedness from trading routes

What were the environmental consequences of trading routes?

Resulted as the increasing interconnectivity in the world during this period because of the spread of various crops and diseases along trade routes

What are bananas in Africa?

What product transferred as a result of this interconnectivity?

What was the Mongol Empire?

This empire created the condition for increased interaction among distant states and the cultural and technological transfers that came as a result of that.

What helped the land-based empires expand between 1450 - 1750?

Gunpowder

What was the Ottoman Empire

Empire was founded the 14th century, grew significantly because of the adoption of gunpowder weapons.

Who was Shah Ismail?

Leader who made it into a Shia Islamic empire in 1501

Who was Shah Abbas?

Safavid ruler who built up the Safavid military, which included the adoption of, wait for it, gunpowder weapons!

Who was Babur?

Leader of the Mughal Empire, who established in 1526 the empire by displacing the Delhi Sultanate with?

Who were the Manchu (Qing)?

People from the north who raided China and established themselves as the leaders and began a new dynasty.

Zamindar Tax Collection system?

Muslim tax system in the Mughal Empire

What is tax farming?

When poorer tax payers pay taxes on behalf of the Ottoman government in exchange for a profit.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

This led to a major split in Christianity in Europe—a split between the Roman Catholics and now the Protestants under Martin Luther and later John Calvin and Zwingli and those guys.

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

Council of Trent

What is Sikhism?

Created a syncretic blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines

What was technology like the astrolabe, which was borrowed from Greeks and Muslims helpful for?

helped Europe kind of come to ascendancy during this period

What did Europeans innovate in ship design that benefited them during 1450 - 1750?

Ship Design (Caravel and fluyt)

What drove trade in maritime empires?

Reasons states sponsored exploration: wealth building, spread Christianity, and competition with other states.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of animals, foods, and diseases from Europe to the Americas and vice versa

What is mercantalism?

A policy in colonies during this period to enrich the homeland

What are joint-stock companies?

Dutch VOC and Britain's East India Company

What is Syncretism?

A blend of Bantu, Swahili and Arabic to promote religion.

What is the Casta System?

System that organized society based on ancestry and race in the Americas

What was the Enlightenment?

intellectual movement that took hold in Europe

What was an example how Enlightenment ideals lead to reform movements?

Seneca Falls Convention

What, combined with rising nationalism, led to various revolutions throughout the world?

Enlightenment ideals combined with

Declaration of Independence, Simone Bolivar's Jamaica Letter and a Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen in, what Revolution?

Revolution, both in the United States, France and Haiti

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?

Industrial Revolution change in how stuff was made for sale

Textiles industry

Factor systems of manufacturing

Free-market Capitalism

What innovation of factories in the time period?

Who had a problem with industrial capitalism?

Karl Marx