Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective

sociology

the systemic study of human society

society

people who interact in a defined territory

social identity

an individual’s knowledge of belonging to certain social groups

social integration

the process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host socie

living in the margins of society and living through a social crisis

what are two situations that help to see the power of society?

in 1905

When was the American Sociological Association founded?

John Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland

Where was the American Sociological Association founded?

society’ s special point of view that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people

What is the sociological perspective?

United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Western Europe, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Japan, and Australia

What are the high income countries?

eastern europe, parts of africa and latin america, majority of asia

What are the middle income countries?

majority of africa and parts of Asia

What are the low income countries?

19

Sociology emerged in the __th century in Europe

Industrial revolution - factory-based work - growth of cities - and emergence of new democratic and political ideas

Why did sociology emerge?

positivism

Auguste Comte was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer. He created the doctrine of ____.

positivism

______ is a scientific approach to knowledge based on “positive” facts as opposed to more speculation

theory

statements as to how/why specific facts are related

theological, metaphysical, scientific

What are Comte’s 3 Stages of Society?

the basic image of society that guides thinking and research

theoretical approach

structural functional approach, social conflict approach, and symbolic interaction approach

what are the 3 theoretical approaches in sociology?

social structure

any relatively stable pattern of social behavior

social functions

_______ are the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

manifest functions

recognized and intended consequences

latent functions

unrecognized and unintended consequences

social dysfunctions

______ are a consequence of any social patterns that disrupt the operations of society or is harmful to some category of the population

gender-conflict theory and race-conflict theory

what are some subset frameworks within social-conflict?

symbolic interaction approach

This is a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.

macro-level orientation

a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole

micro level orientation

a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations

macro

What level is structural functional approach?

macro

What level is social conflict approach?

micro

What level is symbolic interaction approach?

social conflict approach

This is a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

structural functional approach

framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability