HIS 337: Modern Global History and Geography Midterm Study Guide

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts relevant to the midterm exam for HIS 337: Modern Global History and Geography.

Songhay Empire

A prominent West African empire known for its wealth, trade, and education, becoming a center for Islamic scholarship.

Afonso I

The ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo in the 16th century, known for his efforts to promote Christianity and establish trade relations with Portugal.

Janissaries

Elite soldiers of the Ottoman Empire, often recruited from Christian populations through the devshirme system.

Suleyman I

Also known as Suleiman the Magnificent, he was the longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and known for significant territorial expansion and legal reforms.

Mughal style painting

A form of Indian painting that flourished during the Mughal Empire, characterized by detailed imagery and vibrant colors.

Taj Mahal

A mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, known for its stunning architecture.

Battle of Vienna

A significant battle in 1683 where the Ottoman Empire attempted to seize the city of Vienna but was ultimately repelled, marking a turning point in European history.

Seven Years’ War

A global conflict that lasted from 1756 to 1763, involving many of the great powers of the time, significantly affecting colonial holdings.

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The founder of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan, which ruled for over 250 years and established a period of peace and stability.

Zheng He

A Chinese explorer during the Ming dynasty noted for his voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa.

Kingdom of Kongo

A historical kingdom located in central Africa, celebrated for its sophisticated governance and trade links with European powers.

Devshirme System

An Ottoman practice that involved conscripting young boys from Christian families, converting them to Islam, and training them for various roles within the empire.

Ottoman Empire

A major empire that existed from 1299 to 1922, encompassing parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, distinguished by its cultural contributions and legal frameworks.

Mughal Empire

An influential empire in the Indian subcontinent that thrived from the early 16th to the 19th century, known for its artistic achievements and religious diversity.

Shah Jahan

The Mughal Emperor best known for building the Taj Mahal and presiding over the peak of the Mughal Empire's prosperity and cultural influence.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

The agreement that concluded the Seven Years' War, leading to significant territorial realignments in favor of Britain.

Edo Period

The time frame in Japanese history from 1603 to 1868 characterized by the Tokugawa shogunate's rule and a policy of national isolation.

Chinese Treasure Voyages

Expeditions conducted by Zheng He during the Ming dynasty aimed at establishing and enhancing trade and diplomatic relationships throughout the Indian Ocean.

Cultural Exchange

The interaction and blending of different cultures, ideas, and traditions, prominently observed in the art and practices of the Mughal Empire.

Siege of Vienna

A critical battle in 1683 where the Ottoman Empire's forces attempted to capture Vienna, marking a pivotal point in their expansion into Europe.