CONFIRMATION BIASES

Selective Remembering

Related to hindsight bias, remembering the hits and forgetting the misses.

Toupee Fallacy

The belief that you can always tell an example of x ( aka when someone is wearing a toupee for example ).

Subjective Validation

The tendency to use subjective criteria to validate our prior beliefs.

Desirability Bias 

The tendency to believe information that we want to be true. 

Confirmation Bias and Falsifiability

We look for information that confirms our beliefs and do not seek out falsifying information. Sometimes we even make hypotheses that are not falsifiable (there is no outcome that would prove it to be untrue ).

Benjamin Rush and The Yellow Fever Epidemic

Physician who treated all cases of yellow fever with bloodletting. If patients got better, bloodletting worked! If patients died, they were too sick for any treatments to work :(

Ad Hoc Reasoning 

Additions to a claim that occur once it has been disproven, that explain away the disproved finding, thus making the claim unfalsifiable.