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What are the seven SI units?
Distance: Metre, Mass: Kilogram, Time: Second, Temperature: Kelvin, Amount of substance: Mole, Electrical current: Ampere, Luminous intensity: Candela.
What does Newton's First Law of Motion state?
An object continues to remain stationary or to move at a constant velocity unless an external force acts on it.
What is the formula for calculating momentum?
Momentum (p) is calculated as p = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.
Define kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy (Ek) is the energy an object has due to its motion, calculated as Ek = 1/2 mv^2.
What is the principle of conservation of momentum?
The total momentum of a system is constant, provided an external force does not act.
Define work in physics.
Work (W) is the product of force and distance moved in the direction of the force, calculated as W = F cos θ.
What is the difference between average speed and instantaneous speed?
Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken; instantaneous speed is the rate of change of distance at a specific moment in time.
What characterizes elastic collisions?
In elastic collisions, both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.
What is the definition of terminal velocity?
Terminal velocity is when a falling object reaches a constant speed, where the force of drag (Fd) equals its weight (mg).
What does Hooke's Law describe?
Hooke's Law states that the tension on a spring is proportional and opposite to its extension: F = kx.
What is the definition of diffusion in wave phenomena?
Diffraction is the spreading out of a wave around the corners of an aperture into the region of a geometric shadow.
What is the photoelectric effect?
The photoelectric effect is the observation that metals emit electrons when light shines upon them; it occurs when photons interact with electrons.
What is the purpose of a capacitor?
A capacitor stores electric charge and energy in an electric field.
What is meant by 'thermal equilibrium'?
Thermal equilibrium occurs when the rate of energy absorbed is equal to the rate of energy emitted, resulting in a constant temperature.
What is dark energy?
Dark energy is an undetectable energy that overcomes the gravitational pull of matter and accelerates the expansion of the universe.
Define gravitational potential energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy (Ep) is the energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field, calculated as Ep = mgh.
What is the relationship described by Boyles' law?
Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume (p ∝ 1/V).
What is the meaning of 'semiconductor'?
A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and an insulator.
Describe the Doppler effect.
The Doppler effect is the change in received frequency of sound due to the relative motion of the source and observer.
What is superposition of waves?
Superposition occurs when two or more waves of the same type meet, and the total displacement at a point is the sum of the individual displacements.
What defines the oscillation of a particle in simple harmonic motion?
In simple harmonic motion, the particle oscillates back and forth around its equilibrium position.
What is the definition of capacitance?
Capacitance is the ratio of the charge between the plates of a capacitor per unit voltage.
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