Chem 1302 Memorization Tables – Key Terms (Tables 1-8)

Vocabulary flashcards covering prefixes, SI units, key equations, elements, diatomic molecules, polyatomic ions, acids, and solubility rules from the lecture notes.

Mega (M)

Metric prefix meaning 10^6; 1 megameter (Mm) = 10^6 meters.

Kilo (k)

Metric prefix meaning 10^3; 1 kilometer (km) = 10^3 meters.

Base Unit

The standard units (meter, liter, gram) used as references in SI; 1 base unit = 1 m, 1 L, or 1 g.

Deci (d)

Metric prefix meaning 10^-1; 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 meters.

Centi (c)

Metric prefix meaning 10^-2; 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meters.

Milli (m)

Metric prefix meaning 10^-3; 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 meters.

Micro (μ)

Metric prefix meaning 10^-6; 1 micrometer (μm) = 10^-6 meters.

Nano (n)

Metric prefix meaning 10^-9; 1 nanometer (nm) = 10^-9 meters.

Angstrom (Å)

Unit equal to 10^-10 meters; 1 Å = 1.0 × 10^-10 m.

1 mL = 1 cm^3

Volume equivalence: 1 milliliter equals 1 cubic centimeter.

Density (ρ)

ρ = mass ÷ volume (ρ = m/v).

Density of Water

Approximately 1.00 g/cm^3 for liquid water at standard conditions.

Avogadro’s Number

The number of particles in one mole: 6.022 × 10^23 particles per mole.

C1V1 = C2V2

Dilution equation; relates concentrations and volumes before and after dilution.

PV = nRT

Ideal Gas Law: P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is the gas constant, T is temperature.

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Combined Gas Law; describes how pressure, volume, and temperature relate for a fixed amount of gas.

Hydrogen (H)

Element with symbol H; atomic number 1.

Helium (He)

Element with symbol He; atomic number 2.

Lithium (Li)

Element with symbol Li; atomic number 3.

Beryllium (Be)

Element with symbol Be; atomic number 4.

Boron (B)

Element with symbol B; atomic number 5.

Carbon (C)

Element with symbol C; atomic number 6.

Nitrogen (N)

Element with symbol N; atomic number 7.

Oxygen (O)

Element with symbol O; atomic number 8.

Fluorine (F)

Element with symbol F; atomic number 9.

Neon (Ne)

Element with symbol Ne; atomic number 10.

Sodium (Na)

Element with symbol Na; atomic number 11.

Magnesium (Mg)

Element with symbol Mg; atomic number 12.

Aluminum (Al)

Element with symbol Al; atomic number 13.

Silicon (Si)

Element with symbol Si; atomic number 14.

Phosphorus (P)

Element with symbol P; atomic number 15.

Sulfur (S)

Element with symbol S; atomic number 16.

Chlorine (Cl)

Element with symbol Cl; atomic number 17.

Argon (Ar)

Element with symbol Ar; atomic number 18.

Potassium (K)

Element with symbol K; atomic number 19.

Calcium (Ca)

Element with symbol Ca; atomic number 20.

Hydrogen Gas (H2)

Diatomic molecule; formula H2.

Nitrogen Gas (N2)

Diatomic molecule; formula N2.

Oxygen Gas (O2)

Diatomic molecule; formula O2.

Fluorine Gas (F2)

Diatomic molecule; formula F2.

Chlorine Gas (Cl2)

Diatomic molecule; formula Cl2.

Bromine (Br2)

Diatomic molecule; formula Br2.

Iodine (I2)

Diatomic molecule; formula I2.

Mono-, Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Penta- prefixes

Molecular prefixes: Mono- (1), Di- (2), Tri- (3), Tetra- (4), Penta- (5).

Hexa-, Hepta-, Octa-, Nona-, Deca- prefixes

Molecular prefixes: Hexa- (6), Hepta- (7), Octa- (8), Nona- (9), Deca- (10).

NH4+

Ammonium ion (polyatomic cation).

CN-

Cyanide ion (polyatomic anion).

H3O+

Hydronium ion (H3O+).

OCN-

Cyanate ion.

C2O4^2-

Oxalate ion.

Hg2^2+

Mercury(I) ion.

SCN-

Thiocyanate ion.

OH-

Hydroxide ion.

CrO4^2-

Chromate ion.

CH3COO-

Acetate ion.

Cr2O7^2-

Dichromate ion.

HPO4^2-

Hydrogen phosphate ion.

PO4^3-

Phosphate ion.

HCO3-

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) ion.

HSO4-

Hydrogen sulfate ion.

SO4^2-

Sulfate ion.

HSO3-

Hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) ion.

SO3^2-

Sulfite ion.

ClO4-

Perchlorate ion.

ClO3-

Chlorate ion.

ClO2-

Chlorite ion.

ClO-

Hypochlorite ion.

ClO3- and ClO4- soluble

Chlorates and perchlorates are generally soluble.

H2SO4

Sulfuric acid; strong acid.

HNO3

Nitric acid; strong acid.

HCl

Hydrochloric acid; strong acid.

HBr

Hydrobromic acid; strong acid.

HI

Hydroiodic acid; strong acid.

HClO4

Perchloric acid; strong acid.

Solubility Rule: Group I and NH4+ are soluble

All Group I salts and ammonium salts (NH4+) are soluble in water.

Solubility Rule: Nitrates(NO3-) soluble

Nitrates are generally soluble in water.

Solubility Rule: Acetates(CH3COO-) soluble

Acetate salts are generally soluble.

Solubility Rule: Chlorides (Cl-, Br-, I-) soluble except Ag+, Hg2^2+, Pb^2+

Chloride salts are soluble with exceptions for silver, mercury(I), and lead(II).

Solubility Rule: Sulfates (SO4^2-) soluble except Ag+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+, Hg2^2+, Pb^2+

Most sulfate salts are soluble; exceptions include Ag+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+, Hg2^2+, Pb^2+.

Solubility Rule: Carbonates (CO3^2-), Phosphates (PO4^3-), Chromates (CrO4^2-) insoluble except Group I and NH4+

Carbonates, phosphates, and chromates are generally insoluble unless paired with Group I or ammonium.

Solubility Rule: Hydroxides (OH-) insoluble except Group I, NH4+, Ba^2+

Hydroxides are mostly insoluble, with soluble exceptions for Group I, ammonium, and barium.

Solubility Rule: Perchlorates (ClO4-) soluble

Perchlorate salts are typically soluble in water.