3 The quest for political stability 1660-88?- Political 3

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The quest for political stability 1660-88? Political 3

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1
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When did Richard Cromwell resign?

1659

2
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Who attempted to remove the Rump?

Council of Officers

3
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Who marched forces to London to restore a ‘free parliament’

General George Monck

4
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What was Georges Moncks untilmate aim?

Restore the Stuart Monarchy

5
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Where did Charles II move to?

Protestant Holland

6
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Why did Charles II move?

Advised by George Monck to be better perceived by England

7
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What happened in 1660 regarding Monck and Parliament?

He organised them to return so that they could legitimately dissolve parliament

8
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What did Charles devise with the help of Monck and Hyde?

Declaration of Breda

9
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What did the Declaration of Breda commit Charles to?

Cooperation and Harmony with the political nation

Amnesty for actions taken in Civil war and Interregnum except those who signed Charles I death warrant

Settlement of outstanding issues with parliament

Promises: Pay arrears of Army pay and religious toleration

10
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Who met in April 1660?

The convention parliament

11
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What happened May 5th 1660?

The assembly voted that the government should consist of Lords Kings and Commons

12
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What happened May 25th 1660?

Charles II landed at Dover

13
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What did Charles state when he landed at Dover?

‘it was the 12th year of his reign’

14
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Why was the convention parliament dissolved?

No details or conditions had been put in place before Charles’ return so no settlement yet

15
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What occurred after the 5th Monarchists failed rebellion?

1661 led to a returned to a conservative government

16
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What the was the name of the new government?

Cavalier parliament

17
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What was the aims of the Cavalier parliament?

It seeked revenge not conciliation

18
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What did the Convention Parliament use to set clear limit on royal prerogative?

Common Law

19
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How did the Cavalier Parliament weakened parliament?

Militia Act 1661 and Triennial Act 1664

20
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Where were the details of religion to be decided?

The Savoy Palace in London

21
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Who attended the Savoy conference?

Presbyterian Royalists

Latitudinarians

High Church Party

22
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What did Venners uprising strengthen?

The High Church Party

23
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What did the Act of Uniformity in 1662 do?

Allowed non conformists to be able to be expelled and driven out of existance

24
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What did the Convention parliament do?

They offered Charles less money than he needed so he would have to rely on regular taxation as couldnt force loans

25
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What was the Hearth Tax?

Raised 250,000 pounds each year and was assesed by the amount of Hearths you had in each house

26
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What problems were foreshadowed by Charles II's announcement when he reached Dover?

He was not King in parliament as sees God as having granted him power.

27
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Why did the Cavalier parliament not Grant Charles II more money?

They didnt agree with his spending and saw it as irresponsible and still wanted a role for Parliament

28
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What did Parliament introduce in 1673

The Test Act

29
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What did the Test Act do?

Forced holders of public office to deny key Catholic Doctrines

and led to no Catholics in public office or political roles

30
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What did the Test Act lead to?

Resignation of Lord Treasurer Clifford and Charles Brother James as Lord Admiral

31
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What did Charles do after Clifford resigned?

appointed Thomas Osborne and Earl of Danby

32
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What did Danby do?

Manages foreign policy in favour of the Dutch

33
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Who did Danby organise the marriage of?

William of Orange and James Protestant Daughter

34
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Who did Danby upset with his foreign policy ideas?

Anthony Ashley Cooper-Earl of Shaftesbury who wanted toleration not uniformity

35
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What did Shaftsbury do due to his disillusionment?

Organised opposition with like minded allies against Charles which would be later known as the Whigs

36
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How did Danby remain in favor?

Used gifts and bribery to gain support based on acces to royal patronage

37
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What did Charles II face from 1678 onwards?

Popish Plot

Exclusion Crisis

Rye House Plot

38
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Who Posed the challenge during the Popish Plot?

The Jesuits

The French

39
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Who discovered the Popish plot?

Titus Oates and Anglican priest in1678

40
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What was the Plan of the Popish Plot?

A plot to murder Charles II and replace him with his Catholic brother James

41
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What Happened during the Popish Plot?

The Magistrate Oates told the story to was found dead in a Public park and investigations revealed the former employee of the Duke of York sending letters to Jesuit and French agents

42
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How did Charles respond to the Popish Plot?

He did little to begin with

The Broadsheets began to sensationalize the story

Parliament accepted the Premise

43
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What were the Outcome of the Popish plot?

Shaftsbury used this as a way to challenge Danbys power in saying the use of bribes was linked to activities described by Oates and Danbys as treasonous

44
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What did Shaftsbury attempt in 1678?

Impeach him due to evidence of him accepting bribes from France

45
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How did Charles attempt to save danby?

Dissolving Parliament in 1679

46
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How did Charles fail in attempting to save Danby?

Elections proved an Anti Danby majority

47
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Why was a the exclusion crisis triggered by the Popish plot?

Shaftsbury tried to push through a law excluding James from succesion

48
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What did Court consist of?

In the Kings favour

Older men were Lords Younger were Mps

High society

Fought with Charles in civil war

49
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What did the Country consist of?

Not in the Kings favour

May be Lords

Fought against Charles in CW

Cromwell, Pym Junto

50
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What did the Whigs want politically?

More reform in Parliaments favour

51
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What did the Whigs want religiously?

Pro toleration of dissenters but strongly anti-catholic

52
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What did the Tories want politically?

Pro monarchy and restrict parliamentary power

53
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What did the Tories want Religiously?

Anglican and supportive of Clarendon code, anti toleration

anti catholic anti dissenters

54
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Why was Charles torn?

Had to show support for Danby

Agreed more with Shaftsbury religous attitude

55
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Who was leader of the Whigs?

Ashley Cooper (shaftsbury)

56
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Who was the leader of the Tories?

Thomas Osborne (danby)

57
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What happened politically in 1660-1667?

Earl of Clarendon helped with the restoration and created the Clarendon Code

58
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What happened politically in 1667-1673?

Clarendon was used as the Scapegoat after loss of Second anglo dutch war and was replaced by Cabal

59
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Who was in the Cabal?

Clifford, Ashley Cooper, Buckingham, Arlington and Lauderdale

60
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What happened politically in 1673-1678?

The Test Act revealed Clifford to be Catholic and Cabal disbanded

61
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What happened politically in 1678-1679?

Danby was found to be doing Charles II bidding who took £100,000 from France to promise to defend Catholicism

62
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What happened politically in 1679?

Charles tried to save Danby but in 1679 whig majority leading to more power to Shaftesbury then launching the exclusion crisis

63
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What was the context to the Exclusion crisis?

Shaftsbury and the Whigs disliked uniformity

Popish Plot

Charles defence of Danby in 1679

Election results

64
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What was the aims of the Exclusion crisis?

Exclude James from the line of sucession

65
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How did Charles respond to the Exclusion crisis?

Dissolved parliament to prevent its passing

66
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How significant was the exclusion crisis?

Highlighted the struggle between King and Parliament creating deep political divisions

Establishment of parties

67
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What was the background issues of the Rye House plot?

Continued hostility to Catholicism and failure of Parliament to exclude James from succession

Charles blocking 3 exclusion bills

Treatment of Shaftsbury

68
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Who posed the problem in the rye house plot?

Shaftsbury

69
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What was the aim of the Rye House Plot?

Assassinate Charles II and James

70
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How did Charles respond to the Rye House Plot?

Exiled Shaftsbury

Arrested Whigs

Didnt call parliament for the rest of his reign

71
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What were the consequences of the Rye House Plot?

Didnt call parliament for the rest of his reign

72
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How significant was the Rye House plot?

Charles could govern without parliament but was unstable and was then continued by his Brother

73
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What did Monmoth attempt in 1685?

Launch a rebellion in Dorset

74
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How did Monmouth rebellion go?

Failed due to little support bad equip and poor preperation

he was beheaded

75
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What did Monmouth failed rebeliion indicate?

Respect for Kings hereditary rights and fear of further political upheaval

76
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How supportive were parliament of James?

Broadly supportive

77
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How did Charles pose a threat to the rule of law?

His Character and Belief in Divine right of Kings

78
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When Parliament refused to cooperate what did James do?

Behaved as an Autocrat and acted through Royal Prerogative

79
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In 1685 what did Louis XIV do?

Revoked the Edict of Nantes (allowed him to increase Protestant persecution in France)

80
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What did the new parliament in 1685 do regarding James?

A generous financial settlement giving him some Independence

81
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What were the issues regarding James faith in 1685?

Posed a threat to Protestantism

82
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What was the aim of James reign?

Establish religious and legal equality for Catholics

(issues dispensations which allowed Catholics to become army officers)

83
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What was Godden V Hales 1686?

Legal case in England. King James II appointed Sir Edward Hales, a Catholic, as an army colonel without following the Test Act

Godden sued Hales, claiming the appointment was illegal.

The court ruled that the King could ignore such laws

84
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What was James able to do in 1687?

Able to circumvent Parliamentary law and act in indiviual interest he wanted to assist

85
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What did James behaviour in 1687 lead to?

Huge resentment to James’ building within Parliament

86
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What were Catholics allowed to be appointed as in 1687?

magistrates

87
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What did James issue in 1687?

Declaration of Indulgence granting freedom of Worship to Catholic and Protestant dissenters

88
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Did James genuinely believe in Toleration?

Yes as he was friends with the Quaker William Penn

89
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What happened in 1688 that increased tensions?

James second wife Mary of Modena gave Birth to a son giving a Catholic male heir

90
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What did James renew in 1688?

Declaration of Indulgence ordering it to be read from every Pulpit

91
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What happened to 7 bishops in 1688?

Arrested and Charged due to refusing to read declaration of indulgence but were tried and acquitted

92
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Why did parliaments mind change in 1688?

his previous marriage in 1688 had given 2 protestant daughters but now having a Catholic son meant there would be a line of Catholic succession

93
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Why did the Lords turn on James II?

Society had became increasingly Catholic

94
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Who did William Cavendish organise to takeover power?

William of Orange

95
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When and where did William arrive?

Devon 1688

96
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Where did James go in 1688?

Ran away and went into exile due to fear of what happened to Charles I

97
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What did the Immortal 7 do?

Created a letter for William of Orange in code